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Письменное задание
GRAMMAR SECTION
Read and translate the text in a written form.
State system of the Russian Federation The
Russian Federation is set up by the Constitution of 1993. Under the Constitution Russia is a presidential republic. The federal government consists of three branches: legislative, executive and judicial. Each of them is checked and balanced by the President.
The legislative power is vested in the Federal Assembly. It consists of two chambers. The Upper Chamber is the Council of Federation; the Lower Chamber is the State Duma.
Each chamber is headed by the Speaker. The member s of the Federal Assembly are elected by popular vote for a four year period.
Legislature maybe initiated in either of the two Chambers. But to become a law a bill must be approved by both Chambers and signed by the President. The President may veto the bill.
The President is commander in chief of the armed forces; he makes treaties, enforces laws, and appoints ministers to be approved by the Federal Assembly. The executive power belongs to the Government which is headed by the Prime Minister. The first action of the Prime Minister on appointment is to form the Cabinet.
The judicial branch is represented by the Constitutional Court, the Supreme Court, the Supreme Court of Arbitration, and the regional courts.
The flag of Russia is a tricolor of three equal horizontal fields, white on the top, blue in the middle and red on the bottom. The national anthem o f Russia is composed by Alexander Alexandrov. The hymn was adopted in late 2000 by President Vladimir Putin. A new State Emblem of the Russian Federation consists of a black two headed eagle crowned with two imperial crowns, over which the same third crown, enlarged. It is the most ancient symbol of Russia.
All these symbols are official. They have been approved by the Federal Assembly.
ПЕРЕВОД:
Государственная система Российской Федерации
Российская Федерация установлена Конституцией 1993 года. По Конституции Россия является президентской республикой. Федеральное правительство состоит из трех ветвей власти: законодательной, исполнительной и судебной. Каждый из них проверяется и взвешивается президентом.
Законодательная власть принадлежит Федеральному собранию. Он состоит из двух камер. Верхняя палата-это Совет Федерации, Нижняя-Государственная дума.
Каждую палату возглавляет спикер. Члены Федерального Собрания избираются всенародным голосованием сроком на четыре года.
Законодательное собрание может быть инициировано в любой из двух палат. Но чтобы стать законом, законопроект должен быть одобрен обеими палатами и подписан президентом. Президент может наложить вето на этот законопроект.
Президент является главнокомандующим вооруженными силами; он заключает договоры, обеспечивает исполнение законов и назначает министров, которые утверждаются федеральным собранием. Исполнительная власть принадлежит правительству, которое возглавляет премьер-министр. Первое действие премьер-министра по назначению-это формирование кабинета министров.
Судебная власть представлена Конституционным судом, Верховным судом, Верховным арбитражным судом и региональными судами.
Флаг России представляет собой триколор из трех равных горизонтальных полей: белого вверху, синего посередине и красного внизу. Государственный гимн России сочиняет Александр Александров. Гимн был принят в конце 2000 года президентом Владимиром Путиным. Новый государственный герб Российской Федерации состоит из черного двуглавого орла, увенчанного двумя императорскими коронами, над которыми возвышается такая же третья корона. Это самый древний символ России.
Все эти символы являются официальными. Они утверждены Федеральным собранием.
Exercise 2.
Find the in the text the English equivalents for these words and word combinations. Translate them in a written form:
учредить согласно Конституции - Establish according to the Constitution
президентская республика - Presidential Republic
законодательная, исполнительная, судебная власть; система сдержек и противовесов; возложить на - Legislative, Executive, judicial power;
Федеральное собрание - Federal Assembly;
Совет Федерации - Federation Council;
Дума - Duma;
избирать все общим голосованием - Elect all by General vote;
одобрить / подписать закон - Approve / sign a law;
наложить вето на законопроект - veto a bill;
Верховный Главнокомандующий - Supreme commander-in-chief;
назначать министров - appoint Ministers;
возглавлять правительство - head the government;
Верховный суд - Supreme court;
государственный / гимн / флаг / герб - national anthem / flag / coat of arms.
Exercise 3.
Complete these sentences:
1. Under the Constitution Russia is a federative republic the Russian federation consists of 89.
2. The federal government consists of three branches: 1. Legislative power; 2. Executive power; 3. Judicial power.
3. The legislative power is vested in the Federal Assembly.
4. The Federal Assembly consists of 1. The Federation Council; 2. The State Duma. .
5. To become a law a bill must be approved by both houses and signed by the President .
6. The executive power belongs to the government of the Russian Federation.
7. The judicial branch i s represented by supreme court and lower Federal courts.
8. State symbols of the Russia n Federation are state emblem.
Exercise 4.
Answer and the following questions. Sum up what you know about the political system of the Russian Federation. Write a summary.
1. What kind of political system does Russia have?
Russia is a democratic Federal state governed by the rule of law.
2. I s Russia is a presidential or parliamentary republic?
The Russian Federation is a presidential Republic
3. What are the advantage s and disadvantage s of the both forms o f government?
Pros and cons of the Republican form of government:
Pros:
1. Electability of power; 2.
Democratic governance;
3." Elasticity " of power.
Minuses:
1. There is no guarantee that the choice of the people will be faithful;
2. Restricted quick decisions;
3. Republic may hinder the adoption of relevant decisions.
Pros and cons of the Monarchy:
Pros:
1. the Unity of the authorities;
2. the coming to power of a random person is Excluded;
3. the Monarch does not seek to improve his own well-being at the state expense. This is obvious, he is the state.
Minuses:
1. The monarch quickly, firmly and alone makes the decisions;
2. The monarchy very existence contributes to the violation of the principle of equality of people;
3. Of pluralism in a monarchy, however.
4. What is the highest legislative body of Russia? How is it elected?
The Supreme legislative body of Russia is the Federal Assembly of Russia, which is elected by citizens of the Russian Federation on the basis of universal, equal and direct suffrage by secret ballot for a term of five years.
5. Who can initiate legislature?
The right of legislative initiative belongs to the President of the Russian Federation, the Federation Council, senators of the Russian Federation, deputies of the State Duma, the Government of the Russian Federation, and legislative (representative) bodies of constituent entities of the Russian Federation. The right of legislative initiative also belongs to the Constitutional Court of the Russian Federation and the Supreme Court of the Russian Federation on issues of their jurisdiction
6. What stages must a Bill pass to become a law?
Stages of the legislative process: stage 1 Legislative initiative-the list of subjects of legislative initiative is contained in article 104 of the Constitution; stage 2 consideration of the bill-is considered in the State Duma of the Federal Assembly of the Russian Federation; stage 3 Adoption of the law-is Adopted by the State Duma by a majority vote. Constitutional laws require 2/3 of the votes of the chamber's deputies; stage 4 approval of the law-Approved by the Federation Council by a majority vote. The constitutional law requires 3/4 of the votes of a member of the Federation Council; Stage 5 Signing and promulgation of laws-the President of the Russian Federation signs the law and makes it public within fourteen days.
7. What are the President's responsibilities?
Duties of the President of the Russian Federation:
1) manages the foreign policy of the Russian Federation;
2) negotiates and signs international agreements of the Russian Federation;
3) submits draft laws to the state Budget.
4) signs and promulgates Federal laws;
5) issue decrees and orders, and decide on issues of citizenship and political asylum;
7) addresses the Federal Assembly with annual messages on the situation in the country and the main directions of the state's domestic and foreign policy.
8) appoints and dismisses authorized representatives of the President of the Russian Federation;
9) appoints and dismisses the high command of the Armed Forces of the Russian Federation;
10) represents the State. Duma candidate for the post of Chairman of the Central Bank of the Russian Federation; puts before the state Duma.
11) forms and heads the Security Council of the Russian Federation; 12) forms the Administration of the President of the Russian Federation; 13) appoints State Duma elections in accordance with the Constitution of the Russian Federation;
14) submit to the Federation Council candidates for appointment to the positions of judges of the constitutional Court of the Russian Federation, the Supreme Court of the Russian Federation, the Supreme Arbitration Court of the Russian Federation, as well as the candidate of the Prosecutor General of the Russian Federation; appoint judges of other Federal courts;
8. Who is the head of the executive power? Is the Government elected or appointed?
Executive power of the Russian Federation is exercised by the Government of the Russian Federation under the General direction of the President of the Russian Federation. The government is appointed
9. Which courts is the judicial branch represented by?
The judiciary is an independent and independent branch of state power that acts to resolve social conflicts between the state and citizens, citizens themselves, and legal entities on the basis of law, as well as to control the constitutionality of laws. Sometimes courts can be supranational, like the Court of justice of the European Union.
10. What are the official symbols of the Russian Federation?
The national flag of the Russian Federation is the official state symbol of the Russian Federation.
Ex1
1) You most prove the guilt of the suspect. You will win the case. (if)
You will win the case if you prove the suspect’s guilt.
2)First you must spend two years as an articled clerk. The you’ll become a solicitor.(after)
You’ll become a solicitor after two years spend as an articled clerk.
3)The attorney will prepare the necessary documents. He’ll send the copy to the client.(as soon as)
The attorney sends copies to the client as soon as he prepares the necessary documents.
4) “Sir ,you do not know it to be good or bad. Only the judge can determine it”.(till)
5)Please,don’t touch anything. The police will be here in no time.(before)
The police will be here in on time before then, pleace, don’t touch anything.
6)The counsel will not preserve the client’s confidence . He discloses his secrets.(if)
The counsel will not preserve the client’s confidence if he discloses his secrets.
7)He will succeed,I think. He devotes much time to the development of his own practice.(in case)
He devotes must time to the development of his own practice in case he’ll succeed.
8) He studies well.His legal education will probably last about five years.(providing)
His legal education will probably last above five years providing his well studies.
1( Вы должны доказать вину подозреваемого. Вы выиграете дело. ВЫ ВЫИГРАЕТЕ ДЕЛО ЕСЛИ ДОКАЖЕТЕ ВИНУ ПОДОЗРЕВАЕМОГО.
2) Сначала вы должны проработать два года штатным служащим. После этого вы станете самостоятельным юристом. ВЫ СТАНЕТЕ ЮРИСТОМ ПОСЛЕ ДВУХ ЛЕТ РАБОТЫ ШТАТНЫМ СЛУЖАЩИМ.
3) Адвокат готовит необходимые документы. Копию он отправляет клиенту. АДВОКАТ ОТПРАВЛЯЕТ КОПИЮ КЛИЕНТУ КАК ТОЛЬКО ПОДГОТОВИТ НЕОБХОДИМЫЕ ДОКУМЕНТЫ.
4) Сэр, вы не знаете хороший прогноз или плохой. Только судья может это определить.
5) Пожалуйста, ничего здесь не трогайте. Скоро здесь будет полиция. СКОРО ЗДЕСЬ БУДЕТ ПОЛИЦИЯ, ДО ЭТОГО НИЧЕГО ЗДЕСЬ НЕ ТРОГАЙТЕ.
6) Адвокат не внушит доверие клиенту. Он раскрывает его секреты. АДВОКАТ НЕ ВНУШИТ ДОВЕРИЕ КЛИЕНТУ, ЕСЛИ РАСКРЫВАЕТ ЕГО СЕКРЕТЫ.
7) Он хорошо учится. Его юридическое образование вероятно продлится около пяти лет. ЕГО ЮРИДИЧЕСКОЕ ОБРАЗОВАНИЕ ПРОДЛИТСЯ ОКОЛО ПЯТИ ЛЕТ ПРИ УСЛОВИИ ХОРОШЕЙ УЧЕБЫ.
Ex2
1) I am very busy now. I preparing the documents on a very difficult case. Are you doing it alone?
No, two managing clerks helping me.
2) A solicitor decides with matters outside the court.
3)The Law Society regulates the conduct of solicitors in England.
4)What kind of law do you practice ?
5) What is the attorney doing at present? -He is studing the particulars of the case.
6) I do not believe your evidence! You are lying!
7) Legal service costs increasing permanently due to inflation.
8) Attorney rarely discusses with their clients the possibility of losing the case.
9) You know what conveyancing means ?- Conveyancing means making all the legal arrangements for the buying and selling of land, houses and other building 10)Probate is be a type of work a lawyer to do that deals with making a will for a client who ,when he/she dies, wishes to leave his/her property to certain persons or charities and making sure that his/her wishes are carried out.
11) The lawyer serves effectively as an advocate only if he knows all that his client knows, concerning the facts of the case
12)Do you knows if the number of lawyers are increasing or decreasing in the country nowadays?
1) Я сейчас очень занят. Я готовлю документы по очень сложному делу. Вы делаете это в одиночку? Нет, мне помогают двое управляющих.
2) Адвокат решает вопросы вне суда.
3) Юридическое общество регулирует поведение адвокатов Англии.
4) Какой вид права вы практикуете?
5) Что делает адвокат в данный момент? Он изучает подробности дела.
6) Я не верю тебе! Ты лжешь!
7) Стоимость юридических услуг постоянно увеличивается из-за инфляции.
8) Адвокат редко обсуждает со своими клиентами возможность проиграть дело.
9) Вы знаете что означает доверенность (передача права собственности)? Она означает выполнение всех юридических договоренностей по покупке и продаже земли, домов и других зданий.
10) Завещание – это один из видов работы адвоката, он имеет дело с составлением завещания для клиента, желающего после своей смерти оставить свое имущество определенным лицам или благотворительным организациям и следит за его исполнением.
11) Адвокат работает эффективно в качестве защитника только в том случае, если он знает все, что знает клиент относительно фактов дела.
12) Вы знаете в настоящее время количество юристов в стране увеличивается или уменьшается?
Ex3
Model 9 a.m. Monday. The lecture on criminal law.(attend) She is attending the lecture on criminal law.
| 11 a.m. | The pool (swim) She is in the pool. |
| 1 p.m. | Lunch(to have) She is having lunch. |
| 3 p. m. | Preliminary investigation (to watch) She is watching preliminary investigation. |
| 5 p.m. | Tea with the friends. (to have) She is has tea with the friends. |
| 6 p. m. | The seminar on administrative law.(to take part) She takes part in a seminar on administrative law. |
| 8 p. m. | The English Language laboratory.(to work) She works in the English Language laboratory. |
| 10 p. m. | Some detective novel. (to read) She reads some detective novel. |