Unit I

The Internet. The use of the Infinitive.

Task I. Learn the New vocabulary:

to span – розповсюджуватися

facility – засіб, обладнання

to facilitate - устатковувати

to share – поділяти, ділити, надавати

to download – завантажити, пересилати (мережею)

to survive – вижити

to initiate – розпочати, започаткувати

to interlink – поєднувати

to allow – дозволяти, припускати

transparently – ясно, чітко

constituent – складова частина

to expand – збільшуватися, розвиватися

bulk – основна маса, більшість

instantaneous – миттєвий

carrying capacity – пропускна здатність

to fail – не підтвердити очікування, не вдаватися

entire – цілий

to administer – керувати

to accredit – надавати повноваження,

transaction – угода, банківський переказ

to expose – підлягати дії, залишити незахищеним

theft – пограбування

on demand – за вимогою

lifelike – як живий

income taxes – податок на прибуток

to transpire – відбуватися, ставати відомим

Task II. Give the equivalents to the following in Ukrainian:

To span the planet, to share data, to surf the web, nuclear war, designed to help to survive, downloading the data, US Defense Agency, to initiate a research program, interlinking packet networks, to communicate transparently across multiple, linked packet networks, network constituents, to expand internationally, the bulk of the system, facilities in educational and research institutions, across the globe, a huge database of knowledge, near instantaneous communication, the amount of transmitting information, the carrying capacity of net, to fail to transmit information, to bring entire libraries into home, the information administered over the Internet, financial transactions, digital cash, to be linked to the Internet, expanding manifolds the entertainment and information possibilities, lifelike flight simulations

Task III. Pay your attention to the use of Participle

Interlinking networks Experiment, designed to survive

The amount of transmitting information Accredited institutions

Carrying capacity Information administered over the Internet

Clients downloading the data Digitally encoded bits of information

Network of computers spanning the planet Linked to the WWW

Expanding manifolds the possibilities Digitized system

Task IV. Read and translate the text.

THE INTERNET

He who laughs last probably

made a back-up.

Murphy’s Laws of Computing

•, The Internet is a huge network of computers spanning this planet. Some computers share data others just surf the web as clients downloading the data. Everybody knows that the history of internet began in the United States in 1969. It was a military experiment, designed to help to survive during a nuclear war. Public Internet began in the late 70's.

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In 1973 one U.S. Defense Agency initiated a research program to investigate techniques and technologies for interlinking packet networks o various kinds. The objective was to develop communication protocols which would allow networked computers to communicate transparently across multiple, linked packet networks. This was called the Internetting project and the system of networks which emerged from the research was known as the «Internet».

During the late 1980-s the population of Internet users and network constituents expanded internationally and began to include commercial facilities. Indeed, the bulk of the system today is made up of private networking facilities in educational and research institutions, businesses and in government organizations across the globe.

Nowadays the Internet is very helpful because it's a huge database of knowledge, from the pictures of family trips to an analysis of quantum mechanics. Everyone should have the Internet because of its near instantaneous communication and huge wealth of knowledge.

Besides data, one can get from the Internet, we can also send and receive e-mail or electronic mail. This internet service is cheaper than ordinary mail and much quicker. It is the most popular internet service today. We can get some news from the Internet; there are many news servers in the web. We can watch movies through the Internet, listen to music and radio, set conferences, etc. i.e. the Internet provides great number of possibilities to use that will help us in our everyday life.

The amount of transmitting information in the net is so huge that the carrying capacity of the net sometimes fails to transmit it. Nowadays the Internet can bring entire libraries, if not classrooms, into the home — for just a few dollars a year. Already “on-line universities” exist, with more to come. It is accredited institutions which facilitate studies home, using texts and information administered over the Internet.

Financial transactions will become easier and faster than ever before. Through «digital cash» products coming soon to the market, purchases can be made without giving a credit card number and exposing it to risk of theft. Instead, the purchaser transmits digitally encoded bits of information which are accepted as «money» by other computers, and securely buys goods and services, pays bills, and even pays income taxes.

Television is expected to be linked into the Internet, expanding manifolds the entertainment and information possibilities. Through the TV set will come information, transpiring news and job information. There will be movies on demand and interactive TV in which the audience participates in shows they watch.

Virtual reality, the whole field of equipment and programs which make possible such things as lifelike flight simulations, is also coming to the Internet — for high-tech entertainment and also for instruction and training.

This is just a sampling of what is yet to come.

Anyway future belongs to the Internet and new revolutionary technologies in computer industry.

Task V. Give the English translation to the following:

Мережа комп’ютерних центрів; надавати дані та інформацію; розроблені для того, щоб допомогти вижити; розпочати дослідницьку програму; для зв’язку мереж різних видів; через численні, пов’язані мережі; поширюватися між країнами; миттєвий зв'язок; основна частина системи; кількість інформації, що передається; ціла бібліотека; керувати навчанням вдома; заклади, які мають повноваження проводити навчання вдома засобами Інтернету; фінансова угода; електронні гроші; робити покупки; підлягати ризикам та грабунку; безпечно купувати товари та послуги; збільшуючи в багато разів.

Task VI. Answer the questions to the text:

1. What is Internet?

2. When did the history of Internet begin?

3. Who was the first to initiate the program?

4. What was the objective of it?

5. When did the population of internet expand internationally?

6. What spheres of life is Internet helpful now?

7. What is the kind of modern education the Internet provides?

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Task VII. Review the Use of the Infinitive.

Infinitive	Active	Passive
Indefinite	to ask	to be asked
Continuous	to be asking
Perfect	to have asked	to have been asked
Perfect Continuous	to have been asking

1. The Internet was designed to help to survive during a nuclear war.

2. The high-speed device to be used as additional storage are both input and output devices.

3. The progress of electronics to have resulted in the invention of electronic computers was the advance in the technology development.

4. The memory stores the data to be quickly retrieved on demand of the CPU.

5. The USA was the first country to design the interlinking packet networks.

6. The news to have been transpired attracted attention of many Internet users.

7. To do some purchases you may also use Internet.

The use of “for + Infinitive”

1. There is no reason for computer experts to use computers of the first generation.

2. We use different facilities for you better to understand the material.

3. The mechanism is provided with special devices for the whole system to work automatically.

4. There is an Internet service for the buyers to purchase some goods.

5. It was not difficult for the students to understand the function of this device.

Complex Object

1. The US government ordered the Defense Agency to develop the technologies for interlinking packet networks.

2. We expected our firm to link the Internet in a shot time.

3. We suppose him to be a good programmer.

4. The new technologies introduced at the plant made the productivity to increase.

5. We thought our net to have failed to transmit the information.

Complex Subject

1. The Internet is known to be a helpful in every sphere of life.

2. The introduction of computing technologies is reported to lighten human work.

3. The movies on demand and interactive TV are sure to make the audience participate in shows they watch.

4. The carrying capacity of the net was not expected to fail to transmit the amount of information.

5. Television is expected to soon be linked into Internet.

.

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• Unit 1.doc

• Term II unit 4 .doc

• Term II Unit 3.doc

• Unit 6.doc

• Unit 4.doc