Файл: PLUM AND POSNER S DIAGNOSIS OF STUPOR AND COM-1.pdf

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Abducens nerve anatomy of, 61 course of, 100 palsy of, 77, 113 paralysis of, 100

Abscess

brain, 141–142, 142f, 143t cerebellar, 149–150, 150t epidural, 126–127, 144 pontine, 170f

Abulia, 8

Accidental hypothermia, 259–260 Acetaminophen overdose, 245, 326 Acetic acid, 250

Acetylcholine, 208–209 Acid-base imbalances

acidosis. See Acidosis alkalosis. See Alkalosis hyperventilation and, 188–191 systemic, 258–259

treatment of, 315 Acidosis

lactic, 233, 250

metabolic. See Metabolic acidosis respiratory, 192, 192t

sodium bicarbonate for, 324, 326 Acute bacterial leptomeningitis, 262–265

Acute bacterial meningitis, 132–133, 133t, 263, 316f Acute cerebellar infarction, 139b

Acute disseminated encephalomyelitis description of, 157–158, 267f, 271–273 outcomes, 356, 367

Acute hemorrhagic leukoencephalopathy, 272 Acute hypoxia, 211–214

Acute liver failure, 224

Acute massive cerebral infarction, 138b Acute subdural hematoma, 123

Acute toxic encephalopathy, 266, 269–271 Addison’s disease, 235–236

Adenosine triphosphate, 198 Adrenal disorders, 234–236 Adrenoleukodystrophy, 278 Advance care planning, 376 Agitation, 6, 317

Airway

description of, 42–43 obstruction of, 211, 311

Akinetic mutism, 8, 360–362, 361b, 375 Alcohol

delirium tremens after withdrawal from, 283 intoxication caused by. See Ethanol intoxication

Alcoholic stupor, 242t, 243

Alcoholism, 246t Alkalosis

metabolic, 191t, 191–192, 231, 258 respiratory, 189–191, 190t, 258

Alpha-ketoglutaramate, 225 Altered state of consciousness

acutely, 6–7, 8t

from basilar migraine, 168 chronic, 7–9, 8t descriptive terms for, 8t

lateral displacement of the diencephalon and, 100 structural lesions associated with, 29–34 subacute, 7–9

Amphetamine, 242t

Amyloid angiopathy, 139–140, 146 ‘‘Amytal interview,’’ 298, 307–308, 327 Anemia, 325

Anemic hypoxia, 211 Anesthesia

barbiturate, 205–206, 323 description of, 205–206

malignant hyperthermia associated with, 262 profound, brain death diagnosis in, 338

Aneurysms bleeding by, 129 mycotic, 140 saccular, 129

vertebrobasilar, 145, 145t Angiogenesis, 94–95 Angiography

computed tomography, 78 magnetic resonance, 79, 336

Anion gap, 240 Anoxemia, 201 Anoxia, 204, 212

Anoxic-ischemic brain damage description of, 206

focal ischemia, 207–208 global ischemia, 206–207 hypoxia, 208

Antidepressants, 241, 245–246 Antidotes

administration of, 315–317 types of, 317t

Antifreeze. See Ethylene glycol Anton’s syndrome, 154 Apathetic thyrotoxicosis, 237 Apnea. See also Sleep apnea

in brain death, 334–335, 335t posthyperventilation, 49, 50f

Apneusis, 50f

Apneustic breathing, 51–52