1. outcome of the trial	a. содержать под стражей
2.to withhold	b. источники информации
3.course of investigation	c. быть осужденным
4. judge	d. зал судебных заседаний
5. sources of information	e. не сообщать (важную для суда информацию)
6. courtroom	f. важные вопросы
7. to be convicted	g. ход расследования
8. to overturn	h. судья
9. relevant questions	i. исход судебного процесса
10. to hold in custody	j. отменять

VI. Write a composition on topic “Factors which ensure a fair trial”.

Variant 4
I. Read the text and answer the following questions.
1. Who was Mr Aristos Constantinou?

2. When and where the murder was committed?

3. What are the police looking for?

4. How many intruders were there according to the police?
Burglary theory after wealthy businessman is shot dead
A big police investigation was under way in north London after a wealthy businessman died when intruders broke into his luxury home.

Mr. Aristos Constantinou, aged 40, was shot a number of times after he and his wife Elena arrived home at their detached house in the Bishop's Avenue, Hampstead, after a New Year party.

Detectives were waiting to interview Mrs. Constanti­nou, who is in the twenties, to discover what happened in the house at about 1.30 in the morning. The house was empty apart from Mr. and Mrs. Constantinou, whose three children were staying with friends for the night.

Police believe the intruders were burglars and discount any connection between the shooting and Mr. Constantinou's Cypriot origin. A police spokesman said that although a full inventory was not complete some cash is thought to be missing.

The police need to discover whether the couple came home and chanced upon the intruders, whether the intruders broke in after the Constantinous had arrived home and whether there was an attempt to force the couple to reveal the whereabouts of jewellery and cash.

The dead man was an extremely wealthy dress manu­facturer with offices in London's West End. His home is in one of the most expensive roads in London.

Running up to the Kenwood estate in Hampstead, the road is known locally as «Millionaire's Row». Many of the houses are large, detached buildings with elaborate security precautions. Many foreign families live in the area.

The investigation is being headed by Det Sup Robert Green, who has set up a squad of detectives at Finchley police station. The police are looking for witnesses who may have seen anything suspicious in the area of Hamp­stead Heath between midnight and 1.45 a.m.

It is likely that the intruders had a car nearby, but police have not disclosed any sightings.

A Scotland Yard spokesman said the victim was shot «several times» but he refused to say what type of gun was used. «There were signs of forced entry to the house and first indications suggest there were two intruders» he said.
II. Read and translate the following text.
Legal and constitutional developments in Britain
Within England an increasingly firm and diverse society flowered, made possible by the internal peace maintained by a strong monarchy.

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Henry II gave significant impetus to the development of a system of royal justice that superseded feudal courts. From this there grew up the system of Common Law, based on the decisions of the king's judges, who traveled around the country. In contrast to Roman civil law and the church's canon law, common law reflected the customs and instincts of the English people, who were beginning to recover influence. Norman lawyers helped to codify it. Its very flexibility and adaptability (like the empirical spirit of British philosophy later) was to ensure its future importance among English-speaking peoples all over the world, especially in the United States.

A step of later constitutional significance was taken with the granting of the Magna Carta in 1215. The document itself registered feudal concessions extracted by the barons and the church from King John. The Magna Carta became more important in time, especially with the development of Parliament.

This institution was also to have major significance in all English-speaking countries. Many medieval states had comparable institutions, but none with such a future. Parliament was in origin an extension of the Royal Council, in which the king consulted magnates from all over the realm. In 1265 the baronial leader Simon de Montfort summoned a Parliament that also included local gentry from each county and middle-class people of the leading towns. Thus for the first time the whole country was represented — or, at least, all the active elements who ran it. Thereafter, these representatives were generally consulted in times of national emergency — as during foreign wars or rebellions that necessitated the raising of money.
III. Answer the questions on the text.

1. 
   What did you learn from the text about the system of Common Law?
   
2. 
   Why can Magna Carta be considered a document of constitutional significance?
   
3. 
   What was the role of the early Parliament in running the county‘s affairs?
   

IV. Write out the true sentences according to the text.

1. 
   Henry II gave significant impetus to the development of a system of royal justice .
   
2. 
   In contrast to Roman civil law and the church's canon law, common law did not reflect the customs and instincts of the English people
   
3. 
   Few medieval states had comparable institutions.
   
4. 
   The Magna Carta became more important in time, especially with the development of Common Law.
   

V. Match English words and word combinations with their Russian equivalents.

1. monarchy	a. представители
2.Common Law	b. кодифицировать право
3.canon law	c. средневековый
4.to codify the law	d. общее право
5. medieval	e. обычай
6. Magna Carta	f. королевское правосудие
7. to summon	g. монархия
8. representatives	h. созывать
9. royal justice	i. церковное право
10. custom	j. Великая хартия вольностей

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VI. Write a composition on topic “The development of Common Law in England”.

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