Файл: The Embryonic Human Brain An Atlas of Developmental Stages. Third Edition. 2006. By Ronan O\'Rahilly-1.pdf

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INDEX

355

Cerebellum (continued)

neural, 23T, 33, 36, 37T, 39. 42–44, 47, 49T,

Epithalamus, 148, 152, 159, 286

paleocerebellum, 272, 279,

53, 62, 332

Exencephaly, 218

peduncle(s)

optic, 33, 57, 62–67

Eye, 62, 64–67, 104, 232, 233

inferior, 144, 165, 181, 201,239, 248, 249,

otic, 43, 49

optic primordia, 50

282

rhombencephalic, 43, 44

 

superior, 144, 223

spinal, 43, 49T

F

spinocerebellum, 279

terminal-vomeronasal, 43, 77

Falx cerebri, 16T, 230, 232, 276

staged, 101, 144–146, 223, 245–247

Crus cerebri, 297, 306

Fasciculus

subdivisions, 272T

Cuneus, 307

cuneatus, 248

vermis, 246, 247, 279

Cup, optic, 64, 79, 91, 99, 104, 114, 189

gracilis, 248

herniation of, 102

Cyclopia, 49, 50, 114

lateral longitudinal, 88, 98

Cerebrum, 332

Cyst, enteric, 38

medial longitudinal, 75, 88, 98, 147, 166,

Chiari malformation, 102

 

211, 249

Chiasma, optic, 100, 166, 189, 207, 235,

D

prosencephalic, 98, 139, 166, 167, 199, 267

291–291

Dandy–Walker syndrome, 132

retroflexus. See Tract,

Chondrocranium, 149, 153, 163, 191, 209, 225,

Decussation, 332

habenulo-interpeduncular

228, 229, 234, 235, 267, 282

cuneate, 171, 248, 250

ventral longitudinal, 63, 88, 98

basicranium, 153, 226, 228, 267, 282

gracile, 171, 248, 250

Fimbria, 269, 302, 303

Chorda tympani, 123, 224, 266

lemniscal, 152, 171, 223, 250

Fissure(s), 331

Choroid plexus

optic, 166, 189

choroid of brain, 157, 172, 190, 222, 238,

4th ventricle, 203, 215

pyramidal, 223, 250, 251

278, 308

lateral ventricle, 157, 172, 203, 211, 236,

of superior cerebellar peduncles, 223

choroid of eye, 94, 104

237, 269

of superior colliculi, 98, 105, 106, 118, 130,

longitudinal, 115, 117, 127, 137

ultrasound images, 16

177

posterolateral, 134, 144, 206, 245

Circulus arteriosus, 107, 204, 288, 296, 313

trochlear, 98, 118, 245, 246

retinal, 91, 94, 104

Cistern(s), 153, 190, 196, 226, 231, 234

Diastematomyelia, 38

transverse, 308

Claustrum, 155, 214, 236, 273

Diencephalon, 41, 93, 95, 122, 128T, 186T, 222,

Flexure(s), 221, 263

Colliculus, colliculi

268

cervical, 221

facial, 267

Disc(s) See also Plate)

mesencephalic, 62, 96,136, 221, 254

inferior, 211, 225

epipharyngeal, 23, 39, 49T, 69

pontine, 87, 102, 164, 221

superior, 119

lens, 76, 232

Flocculus, 201, 212, 239, 245, 246

Commissure(s), 160, 332

nasal, 57

Floor plate, 333

anterior, 125, 291–294

otic, 33, 34, 48

Fluid

cerebellar, 222, 223

retinal, 76, 232

cerebrospinal, 244

of fornix, 294

Dopaminergic innervation, 237

ependymal, 77

habenular, 161, 171, 189, 207, 222

Duct(s)

Fold(s)

of oculomotor nerve, 118, 171

endolymphatic, 94

choroid,

posterior, 106, 118, 222

semicircular, 149, 188, 250

rhombencephalic, 135, 152

of superior colliculi, 98, 105, 106, 118, 130,

Dura mater, 217, 230

telencephalic, 157

177

limiting layer, 119, 173, 217, 230, 231, 334

neural, 27, 33, 36

supramamillary, 98, 118

subdural space, 153

Folia of cerebellum, 280

supraoptic, 118, 137, 156, 166, 189, 207, 252

spinal, 153

Foramen, interventricular, 105, 118, 127, 152,

trochlear, 98, 118, 245, 246

Dysraphia

236

Complex

cerebral, 82

Forebrain. See Prosencephalon

amygdaloid, 88, 98, 123, 125, 138, 166, 331

spinal, 185

Formation, hippocampal, 300–303, 301T, 333

Cord

 

Fornix, 238, 269, 294, 299, 308

hypoglossal cell, , 62, 332

E

Funiculus

hypothalamic cell, 87, 90

Ectoderm, neural, 23T, 333

cuneatus, 248

neural, 72, 73, 332

Ectopia, neural, 132

dorsal, 143, 165, 201

spinal, 31, 154, 184, 193, 259, 265, 332

Eminence(s), 333

gracilis, 248

Corpus

caudal, 31, 34, 40, 46, 72, 333

lateral, 165

callosum, 238, 271, 289–294, 297, 307, 308

lateral and medial, 108, 118, 135, 152, 156T,

ventral, 88

agenesis of, 300

333

Fusion

striatum, 155T, 156T, 210, 237, 332

medial, 95, 333

cerebellar hemispheres, 247, 279

Cortex, cerebral, 193

ventricular, 87, 333

cerebral hemispheres, 205, 207, 265

neopallium, 238, 271

Encephalocele, 60

di-telencephalic, 205, 210, 219

piriform, 196

Encephalomeningocele, 60

neural folds, 39T, 40

vascularization, 170

Endplatte. See Lamina reuniens

 

Cranior(h)achischisis, 60, 218

Ependyma, 215

G

Cranium (See also Chondrocranium)

choroidal, 172, 215

Ganglion, ganglia, 98, 106

craniovertebral region, 209, 226, 227

ventricular, 172

cervical, 98

Crest,

Epiblast, 21, 29, 35, 46, 47

cranial, 62–65, 69, 98, 106, 123, 165, 224,

cranial, 23T, 49T, 332

Epiphysis cerebri, 104, 105, 109, 118, 121T,

266,

facial, 43, 45

137, 142, 161, 162, 291, 292

facio-vestibulocochlear, 45, 64, 68, 80, 134,

mesencephalic, 43, 44

Hinterlappen, 161

165, 333

nasal, 43, 158, 174

Vorderlappen, 120, 161

parasympathetic, 165

356

INDEX

 

trigeminal, 64, 92, 128, 134,

intermediate, 37, 335

glossopharyngeal, 88, 89

vomeronasal, 141 159

internal granular, 281

hypoglossal, 62, 71, 80, 88, 92, 98, 106, 224

spinal, 154, 184

mantle, 91, 108, 335

oculomotor, 88, 98, 123, 176, 224

sympathetic, 154

marginal, 37, 335

olfactory, 108, 123, 125, 131, 140, 160

Genes, 98, 167, 257T, 300

piriform, 281

optic, 223, 252

Glia, 175, 195, 239, 331

primordial plexiform, 88, 108, 129, 173, 193,

dysgenesis, 132

Glioma, nasal, 60

240, 241, 334

spinal, 154, 209, 227

Globus pallidus

subpial, 195

superior laryngeal, 224

externus, 171, 190, 192, 199, 236, 243

subventricular, 173, 195, 335

terminalis, 160, 177, G7

internus (See also Nucleus, entopeduncular)

transient subpial granular layer, 214, 276,

trigeminal, 88, 224, 249

190, 198

334

trochlear, 94, 98, 106, 224

Groove (See also Fossa)

ventricular, 37, 335

vagus, 83, 98, 106

interpeduncular, 176, 239

Lemniscus, medial, 249

vestibular, 98

isthmic, 152, 171

Leptomeninx, 217

vomeronasal, 141, 159, 336

neural, 25, 27, 29, 33, 34, 36, 48, 59

Lip

Neural tube defects, 258

primitive, 25, 28, 29, 34

dorsal of rostral neuropore, 56, 57, 71, 81,

Neurobiotaxis, 180

Gyrus, gyri, 306T, 311, 312

83

Neuroectoderm, 23T, 333

cingulate, 269

rhombic, 117, 146, 201, 215, 245, 335

Neuroglia, See Glia.

dentate, 300, 302

terminal of rostral neuropore, 56, 71, 83

Neurohypophysis, 50, 81, 105, 121T, 122, 163

 

Lissencephaly, 218

Neuromeres, 42, 45T, 81, 90, 101, 130, 336

H

Lobe, flocculonodular, 279

staged, 42, 81, 90, 130, 131 13, 81

Hemisphärenstiel (See also Stalk), 339

Locus caeruleus, 95, 100, 123

Neurons

Hemisphere(s)

 

catecholaminergic, 166, 169

cerebellar, 246, 279, 280

M

cholinergic, 177

cerebral, 88, 295, 308, 309

Massa cellularis reuniens, 192

GABA-expressing, 187, 156, 187

Hindbrain. See Rhombencephalon

Massa commissuralis, 225

LHRH, 335

Hinterlappen of epiphysis, 161

Median sections of brain, 153, 191, 226, 282,

Neuropores, 39, 53–57, 71, 73, 336

Hippocampus (See also Formation,

291, 292

Neuroschisis, 74

hippocampal) 108, 110, 118, 125, 131,

Medulloblastoma, 258

Neurulation, 23, 30, 72, 73, 336

135, 173, 190, 200, 222, 242, 269, 275,

Meningocele, 259

primary and secondary, 23, 30, 73

302, 303, 333

Meninx, meninges, 78, 89, 184, 217

secondary, 71, 72

Holoprosencephaly, 113, 114, 257T

Mesencephalon, 42, 130, 136, 175–177, 306,

Node, primitive, 27, 29, 33, 34, 47

Hypoblast, 21, 46, 47

309

Nodule of cerebellum, 246

Hypophysis cerebri (See also Adenohypophysis

Mesocoel, 244, 245

Notochord, 36, 58, 63, 87, 95, 107, 122

and Neurohypophysis), 105, 120, 121T,

Mesocortex, 242

split syndrome, 38

122, 143, 162, 163, 304

Microglia, 105, 175

Nucleus, nuclei, 123, 336

Hypothalamus, 89, 95, 99, 100, 105, 110, 139,

Migration

abducent, 147, 165

287

interkinetic nuclear, 37

accumbens, 156, 210, 234

 

neural crest, 43, 44

afferent, 181

I

neurons, 146

ambiguus, 147, 248, 249

Indusium griseum, 269, 308

olfactory, 213, 276

amygdaloid, 108, 126, 138, 139, 155, 157, 337

Infundibulum, 122

olivo-arcuate, 181, 219, 248, 266

anterior olfactory, 276

Insula, 137, 188, 210, 211, 221, 236, 263, 298,

pontine, 248

basal, 149, 155, 219, 220, 276, 337

334

rhombencephalic, 215

caudate, 155, 210, 237, 243, 269, 284

Isthmus rhombencephali , 77, 78, 81, 87, 99,

telencephalic, 174

cochlear, 147, 165, 248, 249

101, 130, 247, 334

telo-diencephalic, 272

common efferent, 91

Isthmushöcker, 134, 174

Midbrain. See Mesencephalon

cuneate, 248, 286

 

Mittelhirnblindsack. See Blindsack

dentate, 135, 201, 239, 249

K

Mittelhirnpolster, 87, 107

of diagonal band, 157, 177, 196

Kappenkern, 248

Möbius, sequence of, 82

diencephalic, 190, 268

Kleinhirnwulst, 134, 170, 339

Myelination, 175, 297, 319–321

dorsal efferent of vagus, 181, 248, 249

 

Myelomeningocele, 259

entopeduncular, 190, 198

L

Myeloschisis, 259

facial, 165, 180

Labyrinth, membranous, 188, 309, 277

 

funiculi teretis, 248

Lamina

N

gracilis, 248, 286

affixa, 190, 192, 274, 278

Neocerebellum (pontocerebellum), 279

habenular, 125, 159, 166, 268

alar and basal, 36, 119, 193, 334

Neopallium, 108, 110, 238

hypoglossal, 80, 147, 181, 248, 249

epithelialis, 275

Neostriatum, 155, 156T, 210

intercalatus, 181, 248, 249

reuniens, 334

Neoteny, 319

interpeduncular, 146, 175–177, 191, 268

terminalis, 77, 109, 156, 293, 320, 334

Nerve(s)

interstitial, 89, 123

Law

abducent, 83, 88, 165

isthmic, 160

Bell-Magendie, 258, 334

accessory, 88, 223

lentiform, 155T

biogenetic, 108

cochlear, 164, 165

mamillary, 190, 197, 268

Layer(s)

cranial, 98, 106, 123, 151, 164, 223, 224, 248,

medial accessory olivary, 152, 153, 181, 268

dural limiting. See Dura

249, 266

medial septal, 177, 178

external germinal, 239, 245, 281, 334

facial, 83, 98, 106, 180, 224

motor, 91

Nucleus, nuclei (continued) niger, 306

oculomotor, 147, 175

olivary, inferior, 249, 268, 286 olivary, superior, 147, 248, 249 oval, 166

of posterior commissure, 123 raphe, 180, 248

red, 147, 306 rhombencephalic, 248, 249, 310 septal, 164, 165, 229, 231 solitarius, 181, 249 subthalamic, 123, 190, 197, 199 superior salivatory, 147 taeniae. See Oval nucleus thalamic, 268

trigeminal, 248 trochlear, 147 tuberalis, 268

vestibular, 143, 165, 248, 249

O

Obex, 244

Olfactory bulb. See Bulb, olfactory Olfactory nerve. See Nerve, olfactory Operculum (-a), 298, 309

Organ circumventricular, 337

subcommissural, 189, 337 vomeronasal, 141, 337

Otocyst (otic vesicle), 65, 69

P

Pain, 336, 265

Paleocerebellum (spinocerebellum), 272 Paleopallium, 108, 337

Paleostriatum, 108, 155T Pallidum, 155T

Paraphysis, 140, 152, 177, 189, 207, 337 Parencephalon, 42, 43, 90, 337 Parkinson disease, 175

Peduncle(s) cerebral, 176, 306

inferior cerebellar, 144, 165, 181, 201, 239, 248, 249, 282

superior cerebellar, 144, 223 Pia mater, 129, 173, 217 Pineal. See Epiphysis

Pit

lens, 79 nasal, 99 otic, 52

primitive, 28, 34

Pituitary. See Adenohypophysis and Neurohypophysis

Placode (See also Disc and Plate) epipharyngeal (disc), 23, 39, 49T, 69

Plate (See also Disc)

alar (lamina), 36, 72, 73 basal (lamina), 36 cerebellar, 117, 144, 337

chiasmatic, 44, 52, 64, 95, 337 commissural, 77, 179, 337

cortical, 192, 193, 195, 210, 240, 338 floor, 28T, 36, 58,180, 193

nasal, 57, 65, 84

INDEX

neural, 21, 26, 28, 30, 37, 338 notochordal, 23, 33, 36, 37, 47, 58 optic, 338

otic, 32, 48, 59

prechordal, 22, 26, 27, 29, 44, 50 roof, 36, 58, 193, 338

somitic, 72

Plexus, choroid, 157, 215, 338 Pons, 293, 320

Pouch, adenohypophysial (Rathke), 100 Precuneus, 307

Preplate (See also Layer, primordial plexiform), 193, 241, 338

Presubiculum, 242, 303 Process

neural, of vertebra, 184 notochordal, 21, 25, 27, 28T, 47

Prosomeres, 338 Pulvinar, 272

Putamen, 155, 210, 236, 243

R

“Recapitulation,” 108 Recesses

inframamillary, 270 infundibular, 270 isthmic, 191, 270, 338

lateral of fourth ventricle, 152, 200, 224, 244, 247

mamillary, 62,197 mesocelic, 291 olfactory, 270

pineal, 156, 161, 207, 222, 270, 293 postoptic, , 41, 100, 120, 338 preoptic, 41, 120, 338 supramamillary, 270

suprapineal, 222, 293 Reconstruction(s), 5, 6 Retina, 79, 233

Rhombencephalon, 40, 41, 42, 54, 101, 111, 248, 310, 353

Rhombomeres, 54, 101, 111, 338

Ridge, marginal, 104, 109, 118, 128, 139, 171, 207, 222

S

Sac, nasal, 127, 140, 141, 158

Schlussplatte, 332

Sclerotomes, 119 Septum

forebrain (prosencephalic), 125, 135, 152, 156, 276, 338

medullae rhombencephali, 153, 171, 143, 171, 180

nasal, 153, 228 pellucidum, 308, 311 verum, 135, 336

Sexual differentiation of the brain, 307, 338

Situs neuroporicus, 55, 65, 67, 194, 339 Skull. See Chondrocranium and Cranium Somites, 33, 34, 36, 40,71, 74, 83

Space

subarachnoid, 119, 128, 140, 153, 173, 217 subdural, 153

357

Spina bifida,

aperta and cystica, 24 normal, 209, 228 occulta, , 24, 184, 185

Splenium , 290, 307 Stalk

hemispheric, 118, 192 243, 272, 339 hypophysial, 304

optic, 99, 128, 131, 139 Stammbündel, 167, 192, 199, 208, 339 Stem cells, 21, 337

Streak, primitive, 23T, 26, 28, 29, 31, 33–35, 46

Streifenhügelstiel. See Stalk, hemispheric Stria(e)

acoustic, 248

medullaris thalami, 157, 159, 166, 200, 210, 268, 275

olfactory, 125, 196, 224, 266, 276, 304 terminalis, 125, 208, 225, 273, 308

Striatum, 330 Subiculum, 242, 303

Subplate, 193, 195, 240, 241, 265, 297, 305, 339 Subthalamus, 110, 139, 287, 297, 306T, 311,

312 Sulcus, sulci

central, 307, 311, 312 circularis, 140, 177, 276

di-telencephalic, 88, 138, 199, 205 hippocampi, 274

hypothalamic, 95, 96, 104, 109, 110, 287, 339 intereminential, 135, 155, 210, 333, 339 isthmic, 171, 207

limitans, 77, 104, 194, 339 medius, 90, 139, 198, 287 optic, 41, 44, 55, 57 parieto-occipital, 307, 311 preoptic, 156

preotic and postotic, 32 terminalis, 192, 211, 212, 275 transversus rhombencephali, 191

Synapses, 129, 241, 258, 271, 297, 305 Synencephalon, 86, 87, 89, 90, 95, 106, 131, 339 Synophthalmia, 50, 114

T

Taenia, rhombencephalic, 246 “Tail,” 93

Tectum, 306 Tegmentum, 146, 306 Tela choroidea, 172, 215

Telencephalon, medium (impar), 39, 41, 62, 63, 77, 95, 127, 339

Tentorium cerebelli, 100, 107, 128, 200, 212, 231, 320

Thalamus, 95, 167, 268, 278

dorsal and ventral, 81, 90, 95, 128, 130, 135,158, 191, 282

Torus

hemisphericus, 95, 96, 99, 105, 340 opticus, 41

Tract(s), 88, 98, 106, 123, 166, 268, 351 accessory optic, 268 amygdalo-habenular, 166

common afferent, 88, 106, 123 corticospinal, 251 corticothalamic, 265

358

INDEX

 

cuneatus, 248, 251

staged, 88, 98, 106, 123, 166, 248, 249

Ventricle(s), 202, 244, 270

cuneocerebellar, 248

striatothalamic, 267

fourth, 87, 95, 225, 244

dentatorubral, 171

tectobulbar, 98, 249

lateral, 96, 211, 244, 269, 270, 298,

diencephalic, 268

thalamocortical, 265, 286

299

Tract(s)

thalamostriatal, 166, 267

olfactory, 160, 191, 244, 276, 340

gracilis, 248, 251

trigeminocerebellar, 98

optic, 62, 67, 91, 89, 192, 232, 340

habenulo-interpeduncular, 98, 106, 123, 137,

trigeminospinal, 164, 249

third, 88, 99, 187, 244, 259, 267

159, 166, 177, 197, 286

ventral longitudinal, 63, 98

Vermis, 247, 279

hypothalamo-thalamic, 166

vestibulocerebellar, 106

Vertebra(e), 24, 154, 209, 226, 227

lateral longitudinal, 88

vestibulospinal, 248, 249

Vesicle(s)

lateral olfactory, 304

Tube, neural, 36, 37, 40, 73, 74, 175, 193

lens, 79

mamillotegmental, 166, 286

Tubercle

optic, 50, 57, 62–64

mamillothalamic, 166, 197

interpeduncular, 134, 170

otic, 53, 64

medial longitudinal, 75, 88, 98, 106

olfactory, 103,118, 123, 137, 140, 157, 276

umbilical, 22, 35, 150, 188

medial tectobulbar, 123

 

Vorderlappen of epiphysis, 120, 161

mesencephalic of trigeminal nerve, 88, 98,

V

 

106, 123, 164, 249

Vein(s)

W

olfactory, 276

capital, 59

Waardenburg syndrome, 257

olivocerebellar, 268

cardinal, 59, 70

Weight of brain, 305

optic, 192, 199, 223

omphalo-enteric, 59

Willis. See Circulus arteriosus

preopticohypothalamic, 88, 106, 123, 166

staged, 59, 70, 183

 

preopticohypothalamo-tegmental, 88, 98,

umbilical, 32, 54, 59, 70

 

106, 137

Velum

Z

pyramidal, 249

interpositum, 308

Zona limitans intrathalamica (See also Ridge,

solitarius, 123, 164, 165, 215, 248, 249

superior medullary, 101, 119, 149, 246

marginal, and Sulcus medius, 131, 139,

spinothalamic, 181

transversum, 87, 95, 119, 340

166, 191, 198, 340

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