Unit 1. DEFINITION OF A SHIP
Ex. 1. Active Vocabulary. Read and learn the words:

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Ex. 4. Give Russian equivalents to the English ones:

a large vessel − ___________________		to float on water − _______________
to distinguish from boats − _________		based on size − __________________
based on passenger capacity − _______		ships may be found on − __________
a variety of activities − _____________		transportation of goods − __________
transportation of people − __________		entertainment − _________________
alongside mankind − ______________		day to day life − _________________
modern commercial system − _______		throughout the world − ____________
to be key in history − ______________		to serve scientific needs − _________
upon a raft − _____________________		to tell the history − _______________
to be close to − ___________________		to be equivalent to − ______________
to name − _______________________		military-oriented vessel − _________
a similarity of desert to the sea − _____		a certain kind of equipment − ______
unique own name − _______________		port of registry − ________________

Ex. 5. Read the text “A SHIP”.
A SHIP
A ship is a large vessel that floats on water. Ships are generally distin-guished from boats based on size and passenger capacity. Ships may be found on lakes, seas, and rivers and they perform for a variety of activities, such as the transport of people or goods, fishing, entertainment, public safety, and warfare.
Ships and boats have developed alongside mankind. In major wars, and in day to day life, they have become an integral part of modern commercial and military systems. Fishing boats are used by millions of fishermen throughout the world. Military forces operate highly sophisticated vessels to transport and sup-port forces ashore. Commercial vessels carry billion tons of cargo.

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These vessels were also key in history’s great explorations and scientific and technological developments. Navigators such as Zheng He spread such in-ventions as the compass and gunpowder. Ships have been used for such purpos-es as colonization and the slave trade, and have served scientific, cultural, and humanitarian needs.
As Thor Heyerdahl demonstrated with his tiny boat Kon-Tiki, it is possi-ble to navigate long distances upon a simple log raft. From Mesolithic canoes to today’s powerful nuclear-powered aircraft carriers, ships tell the history of hu-mankind.
The term ‘ship’ is close to the concept of a vessel, but is not equivalent to it. A vessel is a wider concept. So, it is impossible to name a rowboat or a water bicycle the ship, however they are vessels. Usually only big military-oriented vessels or sailing vessels with a certain kind of equipment are called the ships.

Because of a certain similarity of desert to the sea a camel metaphorically is named ‘the desert ship’.
A ship has its unique own name, as a rule, has the state flag and a port of registry. Also, registers of the transport ships are regularly made and updated. The most known is the Lloyd’s register.
Ex. 6. Find the following words and word-combinations in the text:

которые ходят (плавают) − ______		обычно − _______________________
основанный на… − ____________		признавать (допускать, разрешать) −
рыболовство − ________________		_______________________________
развлечение − _________________		разрабатывать − _________________
неотъемлемая часть − __________		в крупных войнах − ____________
рыбацкие лодки − _____________		военные силы − _________________
управлять − ___________________		перевозить тонны грузов − ________
исследования и технологические		мореплаватель − ________________
разработки − __________________		изобретение пороха − ____________
работорговля − ________________		цель − _________________________
колонизация − ________________		управлять судном − ______________
большие расстояния − __________		эпоха мезолита − ________________
авианосец − ___________________		история человечества − __________
парусное судно − ______________		верблюд − ______________________
государственный флаг − ________		составлять и обновлять − _________

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Ex. 7. Match words and word-combinations in two columns:

1)	to float		a) activities
2)	size and passenger		b) explorations and scientific and technological
3)	a variety of			developments
4)	to become		c) forces ashore
5)	to transport and support		d) colonization and slave trade
6)	to carry		e) capacity
7)	to be key in		f)	upon a log raft
8)	to be used for		g) an integral part
9)	to serve		h) billions tons of cargo
10) to navigate			i)	on water
11) to be close to			j)	scientific, cultural and humanitarian needs
12) to make and update			k) concept to a vessel
			l)	register of ships

Ex. 8. Make up your own sentences with the obtained word-combi-nations.

Ex. 9. Fill in the gaps with the prepositions given in the box (see Appen-dix 5, Table 2):



from, by, upon, on, to, for, of, with, because of

1. 
   A ship floats _____ water.
   
2. 
   Ships are usually distinguished _____ boats.
   
3. 
   Ships may be found _____ lakes, rivers, and seas.
   
4. 
   Ships are used as the transport _____ people and cargo.
   
5. 
   Fishing boats are used _____ million _____ fishermen.
   
6. 
   Ships were used _____ colonization and the slave trade.
   
7. 
   Thor Heyerdahl demonstrated _____ tiny boat that it is possible to navigate long distances _____ a log raft.
   
8. 
   Ships tell the history of mankind _____ Mesolithic canoes _____
   

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nowadays aircraft carriers.

9. 
   A vessel has its own name, state flag and a port _____ register.
   
10. 
    _____ a certain similarity _____ desert _____ the sea a camel meta-phorically named ‘the desert ship’.
    

Ex. 10. Make up a list of vessels enumerated in the text.
Ex. 11. What navigators do you learn from the text? What can you say about them?
Ex. 12. Translate the sentences into English:

1. 
   Корабль это судно, которое ходит по воде.
   
2. 
   Корабли осуществляют такие виды деятельности, как перевозка людей и грузов, рыбный промысел и развлекательные круизы, обеспечение общественной безопасности и военные действия.
   
3. 
   В наши дни суда стали неотъемлемой частью современной торгов-ли и вооруженных сил.
   
4. 
   Суда играют ведущую роль в научных исследованиях и развитии технологий.
   
5. 
   Ранее корабли использовались для работорговли и колонизации стран, сейчас корабли служат научным, культурным и гуманитарным нуж-дам человечества.
   

6. 
   Корабли рассказывают историю человечества, начиная от каноэ эпохи мезолита и заканчивая современными атомными авианосцами.
   
7. 
   Понятия «корабль» и «судно» близки по значению, однако поня-тие «судно» имеет более широкое трактование.
   

8. 
   Как правило, каждое судно имеет свое собственное название,
   

государственный флаг и порт приписки.
Ex. 13. Answer the questions to the text:

1. 
   What is ‘a ship’?
   
2. 
   How are ships distinguished?
   
3. 
   What activities do ships perform?
   
4. 
   What is the role of ships in day to day life?
   
5. 
   Were ships key in history’s explorations and scientific and technologi-cal developments?
   
6. 
   What purposes have ships served?
   
7. 
   What is the difference between ‘a ship’ and ‘a vessel’?
   
8. 
   What does each ship have?
   
9. 
   Where is this information contained?
   

Ex. 14. Comment on the statement “The term ‘ship’ is close to the con-cept of a vessel, but it is not equivalent to it”.
Ex. 15. Read the text “Explorer Heyerdahl Hunts for Lost Civilization in Peru” and give a short summary of the text in Russian.
EXPLORER HEYERDAHL HUNTS
FOR LOST CIVILIZATION IN PERU
Oslo Norwegian explorer Thor Heyerdahl, famous for his daring Kon-Tiki expedition, said he had faced the most exciting project of his life in a hunt for clues¹ to a lost civilization which lied buried in a Peruvian city of pyramids.
Archaeologists working in North -Western Peru found that 26 mounds², previously thought to be natural features of the landscape, were pyramids hidden by the ravages of time. The ancient city is called Tucume.
“This is the most exciting project I have ever been involved in”, Heyer-dahl, 73, told The Aftenposten Daily in an interview.

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