Ex. 12. Look at the adjectives for describing people and match each one to the definitions.

hard-working generous stubborn self-confident reliable loyal strict open-minded thoughtful naughty sensitive modest ambitious

a) showing that you are thinking deeply / paying attention to the feelings of other people

b) willing to give money, help and kindness

c) having a strong desire to be successful, powerful, or rich

d) willing to consider new ideas and opinions

e) determined and having a strong will

f) severe in demanding obedience to rules of behaviour

g) that may be trusted, dependable / that you can trust to perform well at all times

h) behaving badly, or not obeying a parent, teacher, or set of rules

i) having a belief in one’s own value and abilities

j) dedicating a lot of time and energy to work

k) faithful to people, places, or things

l) having or expressing a lower opinion of your own abilities than you deserve (a word used to express approval)

m) showing delicate feelings or judgments

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Ex. 13. Complete the sentences with a word from the box. Use each word once only.

impatient helpful persistent tolerant generous ambitious proud sociable greedy brave polite stubborn kind selfish reliable optimistic

1. I think I’ll stay here on my own, I’m not feeling very … today.

2. Diana wants to get to the top in her company. She’s very … .

3. It’s not … to stare at people and say nothing!

4. Thank you for helping me. It was very … of you.

5. Peter refuses to change his mind, although he is wrong. He’s so … .

6. It was very … of Sheila to put out the fire on her own.

7. Don’t eat all the cakes! You really are becoming … !

8. I am very … of my new motorbike.

9. My parents don’t mind my crazy hair style. They are very … .

10. Tom tends to be quite a … child; he seldom shares his toys with his friends.

11. Ann is a very … worker; I can always depend on her if I want something on time.

12. Mr James is … a man; he gives a lot of money to the children’s hospital.

13. Seb is a(n) … person; he always sees the positive side of even the most difficult situation.

14. Steve tends to be …; he becomes very annoyed when he has to wait in long queues.

15. John is …; he never gives up and always finishes what he starts.

16. Mary is very …; when I have a lot of work to do, she always lends a hand.
Ex. 14. Choose one adjective to describe each of the following people.

1. Once Hans has decided to do something it’s impossible to make him change his mind.

2. Tom is very keen to do well in his job. He wants to get to the top of the company by the time he is thirty.

3. Anna is not fixed in her opinions. She is always ready to consider new ideas.

4. Anita is the sort of person that if she says she will do something you know she will do it.

5. Bob always tries to think about how other people feel.

6. Maria never does any work. She just sits around doing nothing all day.

7. Helen came top in all her exams, but she didn’t tell anyone.

8. When you go out for a meal with Pierre he always insists on paying.

9. Ann loves spending time with people and meeting new people.

10. Tom always thinks bad things are going to happen.

11. Mary only thinks about herself.

12. Greta never gets angry, even when she has to explain things to them again and again.
Ex. 15. a. Discuss the following with your partner.

1. When and where was the last time that you met someone new? Who was it?

2. What was your first impression of him / her?

3. Were your first impressions accurate?

4. When you meet a new person, what do you look at first?

their hair / face (eyes, mouth, etc.) / build / what they are wearing

5. Which of the following will make you feel most positive about somebody?

They are well groomed. / They are well dressed. / They have a good physique. / They look interesting. / They look like you.

b. Read the magazine article. Can you guess the missing words?

According to psychologists, people form first impressions based on how you … , then on how you … , and finally on what you say.

The way you look makes up … % of a first impression. This includes facial expressions, body language, and eye contact, as well as your clothes and general appearance. A friendly … seems to be the most important part of this.

The way you sound makes up ... % of a first impression and includes how fast or slowly you … . People listen to your tone of voice and decide if you sound … or unfriendly, interested or … , and … or sad. What we say - the actual words - counts for only … % of the message.

People form first impressions within … seconds of meeting you. And first impressions don’t change easily. If someone gets the wrong impression of you, it can take a long time to change his or her … .

One problem is that in different parts of the world, the same behavior can give people a different impression. In some countries, if you look at the person … , it shows you are friendly. In other countries, it can be rude, and it’s more polite to … away from the person. Standing close to someone and touching the person’s arm is normal in some places, but in others it’s better to keep your distance. The person may think you’re being

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too … !

Track 2. c. Now listen and check your guesses.

d. Discuss the following with your partner.

1. 
   Which ideas from the article do you agree with? Which do you disagree with?
   
2. 
   Do you think you usually make a good first impression? Why or why not?
   
3. 
   What do you think is more important - how you look, how you sound, or what you say?
   
4. 
   Think of five situations when it is important to look good and make a good impression.
   

Ex. 16. a. Read the text paying attention to the words and phrases in bold.

Character and appearance.

Appearances are deceptive. It is a common truth; practically everyone has met at least someone whose character and appearance differ radically.

When one sees a tall, broad-shouldered youth, one expects him to be strong-willed and brave. One thinks: ‘A model to follow!’ How often a good-looking individual turns out to be petty, weak-willed or even cowardly. Then one thinks ‘A mediocrity!’

At the same time everyone knows that a lot of great people were of poor build: short and fragile. It didn’t stop them from displaying intelligence and courage. Ingenuity does not depend on one’s complexion or constitution.

Plump or fat people create an impression of generous and kind personalities. Strangely enough, not rarely they may be thrifty or even greedy. One usually thinks: ‘A scrooge!’’

On the other hand, thin or slim nervous ladies often tend to be lavish. They like to buy and never think twice when they pay. One thinks: ‘I would call her open-handed and Mother would call her a spendthrift’. Yes, mothers are always stricter in judgements.

Has it ever happened to you that you come to an important office and see an important boss? You immediately evaluate his looks: ‘Round-faced, small narrow eyes, dimple on the cheeks and an upturned nose. What a kind-hearted person! A simpleton!’ You tell the boss of your troubles and expect immediate help. But the boss appears to be rude, harsh and willful. You never get your help and think ‘A stone heart and an iron fist’.

When someone sees a delicately built pretty blonde with curly hair, blue eyes, a straight nose and a high forehead, one is inclined to think that the beauty is intelligent and nice. It may be disappointing to think later ‘What a stupid, capricious, impolite bore!’

On the contrary, when one sees a skinny brunette with ugly irregular features – a hooked nose, pointed chin, close-set eyes and thin lips, strange thoughts come to one’s head; because it is the image of evil people – cruel and cunning. It may be a relief some time later to find her a clever, gentle and good-mannered lady and think: ‘What charm! A heart of gold!’

Another general misconception lies in the fact that children are always expected to resemble their parents. And parents like it when children take after them. Relatives like to compare moles, the shape of noses, etc. the greatest compliment is: ‘They are as like as two peas’. The greatest disappointment is to find nothing in common. We want to deny people their exclusiveness, we don’t want to admit that nature has selected other options from an enormous genetic fund developed over generations. Why do we like our copies? Who knows! Nature likes to play tricks on us. But don’t you think it is a present on the part of nature? Life becomes not a boring routine, but a brilliant kaleidoscope of characters and appearances which often clash.

b. The following words are taken from the text. Match them with their definitions.

courage	a person who is easily influenced to change his decisions, opinions or plans
gentle	the ability to do something that you know is right or good, even though it is dangerous, frightening, or very difficult.
generous	wanting more money, things, or power than you need
cruel	kind and calm
week-willed	giving people more of your time or money than is usual or expected
greedy	someone who enjoys causing pain to other people or animals, or enjoys making them unhappy or upset
intelligent	not brave enough to fight or do something difficult or dangerous that they should do
capricious	someone who uses their intelligence to get what they want, especially by tricking or cheating people
cunning	good at thinking clearly and quickly, at understanding difficult ideas and subjects, and at gaming and using knowledge
cowardly	suddenly or unexpectedly changing your opinion or behaviour without any good reason

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c. Explain the meaning of the sayings below. Do you agree or disagree? Give examples to explain your opinion.

- Never judge by appearances. OR Never judge a book by its cover.

- Personality matters most.
Ex. 17. Write the adjectives in brackets in the correct order to complete the text.

I think kids and teenagers today get quite a bad press. We're always hearing stories about how naughty or spoilt they are, but they can also be really 1) … (wsete). I run an after-school club and on their first day, the kids are often very 2) … (hys). When they get used to the routine, a lot of the younger kids are very 3) … (oatetefafcin) to me and to each other. We are pretty strict and I think the kids respect that, even the ones whose parents are very 4) … (ngtnuidle) and buy them everything they want. And many of these children are quite 5) … (vctpoitemei) and ambitious for their future. Even some of the younger ones are 6) … (dnemedtrei) to make something of themselves. OK, one or two of them can be a bit 7) … (alyz) sometimes but that's true of a lot of adults, too.

Ex. 18. Which three adjectives would you use from exercises 16 and 17 about these people?

yourself / your best friend / your brother, sister or cousin / your favourite teacher

Ex. 19. Match the comments (1-5) and the responses (a-e).

1. My five-year-old won't speak to anyone she doesn't know.

2. My new neighbour is very nice but she never stops talking!

3. Kelly hasn't missed a training session since she decided to run the marathon.

4. Our new landlord seems very nice. He hasn't given us a list of rules and it's fine if the rent is a couple of days late.

5. When we go out, my friend AN won't let me pay for anything.

a) That's like my Uncle Joe. He's very generous too.

b) That's like my little brother. He's very shy too.

с) That's like my nephew, Luke. He's very determined too.

d) That's like my manager. She's really easy-going too.

e) That's like my old English teacher. He was really chatty too.
Ex. 20. a. Read the article quickly. Six parts have been removed. Write the correct letter (a-f) in the gaps in the article.

a) the eldest child often helps the younger ones with simple tasks.

b) later research seems to suggest that birth order is in fact relevant

с) there will be hundreds that don't,

d) and the youngest has the reputation of being rebellious, creative, and sometimes spoilt,

e) So, what might explain this difference?

f) However, when a second child is born in the family,

Birth order - myth or reality?

According to the theory of birth order, the child who is born first in a family tends to be hardworking, responsible and determined. The middle child is supposed to be competitive, outgoing and sociable, 1) ... . But can your position in a family really have an effect, or are these ideas just silly stereotypes? Scientists have been interested in this question for centuries and have given opinions both for and against the theory. Alfred Adler, an Austrian doctor working in the 1920s, believed that first-borns are special because at first they receive all the love and attention that the parents have to offer, 2) ... they can often suffer feelings of rejection because they are no longer the centre of attention. Adler also thought that in families with three or more children, parents are more likely to be indulgent with the youngest.

Although Adler didn't come up with any scientific evidence for his ideas, 3) ... . Scientists at the University of Oslo checked the results of intelligence tests from over 240000 people. They found that first-borns are, on average, more intelligent than any siblings who follow later in the family. Other studies have shown that younger siblings tend to be shorter and lighter than first-borns, but it's the difference in intelligence that continues to interest scientists.

4) ... Psychologists suggest that the adults' role in bringing up a firstborn child is as important as birth order. As there is no competition from other children, parents can dedicate a lot of time, money and resources (books, activities, classes, etc.) to the first-born child. When other children are born 5) … . The eldest child develops mental and social skills by being a tutor to his or her younger siblings. Parents also tend to be stricter with first-born children and have high expectations of them. This may explain why eldest children are often quite traditional but also very competent.

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Of course, these ideas about birth order will never be completely accepted, because for every family that fits the stereotypes 6) ... . But it can be interesting for parents to think about how they bring up their children and the differences between them as individuals.

b. Read the article again. Identify the following statements as T (true) or F (false) and correct the false ones. Prove your ideas.

1. The writer thinks that ideas about birth order are just stereotypes.

2. Adler supported the idea that the youngest child is sometimes spoilt.

3. Norwegian scientists found that the cleverest child is often the oldest.

4. Being born first in a family can make you competitive.

5. Older children can benefit from teaching younger brothers and sisters.

6. The writer thinks that families should accept the ideas behind birth order.
Ex. 21. Complete the crossword with the correct character adjectives.

								1													2
3												4
		5			6			7							8		9
					10		11										12						13
													14							15
											16
										17
											18

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