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British traditions and customs
Every nation becomes special by means of its own traditions and customs. There is no other nation that clings to the past with the tenacity of the British. They are really proud of their traditions, they cherish them. When we imagine of Britains, we often think of people drinking white tea, eating fish and chips, sitting by the fireplace or wearing bowler hats, but there is much more in Britain than just those things. Some British traditions are royal, such as the Changing of the Guard which takes place every day at Buckingham Palace. The Trooping of the Colour happens on the Queen’s official birthday. It’s a big colorful parade with hundreds of soldiers and brass bands.

British holidays (Christmas, Easter, Guy Fawkes Night, Remembrance Day) are especially rich in old traditions and customs. A traditional Christmas dinner consists of roast turkey and potatoes, cranberry sauce, sweet mince pies and Christmas pudding.

On Christmas Eve children hang up their stockings around the fireplace for Father Christmas to fill with presents.

At Easter chocolate eggs are given as presents symbolizing new life.

Guy Fawkes Night is also known as Bonfire Night because English people burn stuffed figures on bonfires.

On Remembrance Day red poppies are traditionally worn in memory of servicemen who lost their lives in wars. National Morris Dancing can be seen throughout the month of May in most of English villages. Groups of men and women wear colored costumes, carry white handkerchiefs and perform their lively folkdance.

One of Englishmen’s traditions is their tender love for animals. Pets are members of English families and are protected by law. There are even special cemeteries for animals in Great Britain. Most English people love their gardens too. They enjoy gardening and decorating their houses with beautiful flowers and plants.

Sports play an essential part in the life of Britain and it is a popular leisure activity. Rugby, golf, cricket, polo and horse-racing are British national sports and they are played on village greens and in towns on Sundays.

Politeness and punctuality are typical features of all British people. They often say “Sorry”, “Please” and “Thank you” with a smiling face and they always try to arrive on time.

The British are also traditional about their breakfast. They usually eat bacon and eggs, a toast with orange jam, a bowl of cereals or porridge in the morning.

There are over 60 thousand pubs in the United Kingdom. Pubs are an important part of British life too. People talk, eat, drink, meet their friends and relax there.

 

Active Vocabulary

Custom[ˈkʌstəm] -обычай, әдет, ғұрып

special ˈ[spɛʃ(ə)l]  - особенный ,особый, ерекше

cling [klɪŋ]  -остается, прилипать; цепляться; держаться, жармасу

tenacity [tɪˈnasɪti]  -упорство, настойчивость, целеустремлённость, табандылық

proud [praʊd] - гордиться, мақтан тұту

cherish [ˈtʃɛrɪʃ ]  -высоко ценить; дорожить, жоғары бағалау

bowler hats [ˈbəʊlə hæts ] —шляпа-котелок, қалпақ
royal [ rɔɪəl] - королевский, корольдік патшалық

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changing of guard[ˈtʃeɪndʒɪŋ ɒv ɡɑːd]— смена караула, қарауыл ауысымы

Buckingham Palace [ bukɪŋɡæmˈpæləs] - Букингемский дворец, Букингем сарайы

trooping the colour [ ˈtruːpɪŋ ðə ˈkʌlə]- вынос знамени,  нышанды алып шығу

brass band [brɑːs bænd ]- оркестр духовых инструментов, үрмелі аспаптар оркестр

Easter [ˈiːstə] - пасхальный, пасха

Guy Fawkes Night[ ɡaɪ foʊks nʌɪt] -Ночь Гая Фокса, Гая Фокса түні 

Bonfire Night [ˈbɒnfʌɪə nʌɪt]- Ночной костер, Түнгі алау

Remembrance Day [rɪˈmɛmbr(ə)ns deɪ ]  - день памяти, день поминовения. День памяти погибших в первую и вторую мировые войны, еске алу күні

roast [rəʊst]- жареный, қуырлыған

cranberry sauce [ˈkranb(ə)ri sɔːs ]—клюквенный соус, мүкжидек соусы, шырыны

mince pie [mɪns paɪ] - сладкий пирожок с начинкой, салмасы бар тәтті бәліш

Christmas Eve [ˈkrɪsməs iːv] - канун Рождества, Рождество қарсанында

stuffed figures [stʌft ˈfɪɡəz ]-чучело, тұлып

red poppy [red ˈpɒpi] - красный мак, қызыл көкнар

National Morris Dancing [ˈnaʃ(ə)n(ə)l ˈmɔːəs ˈdɑːnsɪŋ] - Национальный танец Моррис, Моррис ұлттық биі

cemetery [ˈsɛmɪtri] - кладбище, зират 

politeness [pəˈlaɪtnəs] -вежливость, учтивость, сыпайылық

punctuality [ˌpʌŋktʃʊˈælɪti] - пунктуальность, точность, ұқыптылық,мұқияттылық 

feature [ˈfiːtʃə] - особенность, характерная черта; мінез құлық ерекшелігі 

pub [pʌb] - паб, пивная, трактир, кабак, сыра, отырыс

1. Phonetic drill

Put them in the correct column according to their pronunciation : / / or / /

Mother' s Day Father's Day birthday twenty - fifth fourth thirty-first the other day the day before yesterday neither of us together your good health Thanks for coming!

/ / / /
2. Give the Kazakh/ Russian equivalents

Really proud, cherish, bowler hats, royal, Changing of the Guard, trooping the colour, Buckingham Palace, big colorful parade, Christmas, Easter, brass band, stocking ,Guy Fawkes Night, roast turkey , Remembrance Day, cranberry sauce, Christmas Eve, red poppy, handkerchief, tender , cemetery, essential part, leisure activity , bowl of cereals.

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3. Give the English equivalents to the following word combinations:

Қарауыл ауысымы, Британдықтардың бірбеткейлігі, еске алу күні, Букингем сарайы, үлкен көрнекті парад, нышанды салтанатты түрде алып шығу, іліп қою, салмасы бар тәтті бәліш, мүкжидек соусы, Моррис ұлттық биі, тұлып, қуырлыған, ұлттық билер, зират, өзгешелік,ерекшелік, сыпайылық, ұқыптылық, қызыл көкнар

Смена караула, упорство британцев, День памяти, Букингемский дворец, большой красочный парад, вынос знамени, подвешивать, сладкий пирожок с начинкой, клюквенный соус, Национальный танец Моррис, чучело, жареный, народные танцы, кладбище, характерная черта; вежливость, учтивость, красный мак.

4. Translate the following sentences into Russian or Kazakh

1. There is no other nation that clings to the past with the tenacity of the British.

2. Pets are members of English families and are protected by law. There are even special cemeteries for animals in Great Britain.

3. On Remembrance Day red poppies are traditionally worn in memory of servicemen who lost their lives in wars.

4. Politeness and punctuality are typical features of all British people. They often say “Sorry”, “Please” and “Thank you” with a smiling face and they always try to arrive on time.

5. Sports play an essential part in the life of Britain and it is a popular leisure activity.

7. Some British traditions are royal, such as the Changing of the Guard which takes place every day at Buckingham Palace.

5. Read and translate the text

6. Match the words:

1	Buckingham	A	Eve
2	Guy	B	the colour
3	changing	C	Hats
4	Remembrance	D	Poppy
5	National	E	Palace
6	bowler	F	Sauce
7	red	G	Fawkes Night
8	Christmas	H	of guard
9	trooping	I	Morris Dancing
10	cranberry	J	Day

7. Complete the sentences:

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1. It’s a __________parade with _________________ and brass bands.

2. At Easter _____________are given as presents __________new life.

3. British holidays ________________are especially rich in_______________.

4. There is no other nation that __________________ of the British.

5. __________________the month of May in most of English villages.

6. They enjoy __________________with beautiful flowers and plants.

7. Groups of men and women_____________, carry white handkerchiefs and perform their________.
8. Answer the questions:

1. What traditions are royal?

2. When does The Trooping of the Colour happen?

3. What do children do on Christmas Eve ?

4. What can you say about Guy Fawkes Night ?

5. What member of English families are protected by law ?

6. What are British national sports ?

7. How do you celebrate Christmas in your family?

8.How and with whom do you celebrate Christmas?

9. What do they use to eat for breakfast ?

Presentation

1. Reported statements

When we report what someone has said, we change the pronouns.

I understand you, said Ann. Ann said ( that) she understood him.

You wanted to help us, said Tim. He said ( that) she had wanted to help them.

When we report what someone said in the past, we have to change the tense un the Reported Speech. See the table below for these changes.

Form

Original tense	Tense in reported speech
Present Simple: I love the Internet.	Past Simple She said she loved the Internet.
Present Continuous: He's sleeping.	Past Continuous: They said he was sleeping.
Present Perfect: She's gone out.	Past Perfect: He said she had gone out.

2. Reported questions

In reported questions, we use asked, wanted to know + when, where, how, what, etc. We use the same word order as in statements:

Where do you come from ? > She asked me where I came from.

If there is no questions word, we add if or whether.

Do you speak French ? > He wanted to know I/whether I spoke French.

3. Reported Requests and Order

When we report a request or command, we often use the pattern ask/tell/order/someone + infinitive:

Direct speech Reported speech

The teacher said:"Students, close your books." The teacher asked the students to close their books.

Jerry said to Ann: "Shut the window , please. " Jerry asked Anna to shut the window".

The policeman told them : "Slow down." The policeman ordered them to slow down.

When the request or command is negative, we use the pattern

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ask/tell/order/someone not + infinitive:

The doctor said to them: " Don't worry." The doctor told them not to worry.

The pilot said:"Don't panic." The pilot told us not to panic.

The teacher said to us:"Don't talk ,please." The teacher asked us not to talk.

We also change some time and place expressions if the context has changed:

Original statement	Reported statement
now	then
at the moment	at that moment
today	on that day
yesterday	the day before
last week/month/year	The week/month/year before, the previous week/month/year
tomorrow	the next day, the following day
next week	The next week/ month/year, the following week/month /year
here	there

9. Change the following sentences into indirect speech

1. Jack said: " I am working hard." 2. I told her: " You can join us." 3. " Explain to me how to solve this problem," said my friend to me. 4. The doctor said to Nick, "Open your mouth and show me your tongue." 5. " Don't be afraid of my dog," said the man to Kate. 6. " Take this book and read it ," said the librarian to the boy. 7. Fred said: " I have invented a new computer program." 8. The doctor said: " Please take a deep breath, Ann." 9. Sara: " Don't forget to buy some juice."

10. Change questions into indirect speech

1. " Where does your niece live?" - He wanted to know.......

2. " Can you type?" - The manager asked.......

3. " Where has Jim gone ?"- Maria wanted to know..........

4. " What did the workers eat ?"- They asked ........

5. " Are you French or Italian?" - She wanted to know ..........

6. " Do you grow flowers in your garden, Mrs. Smith?"- She wondered.........

11. Complete the sentences with the verbs in the box in the Past Simple

add, admit, announce, claim, reply, think

1. Ms Jackson said she loved being a dancer and added that she had always danced.

2. The rock musician Gary Munt __________ that he was writing songs for a new CD.

3. The novelist Jeffrey Bowman __________ that he had written the best novel of the year.

4. When the interviewer asked him if he was going to make his famous snacks on the programme, TV chef Arthur Dumpling _____________ that he was going to make party food.

5. The astronaut ___________ that if things went well we would soon have cities on the moon.

6. The TV presenter __________ that she had been dancing at a night club an hour before her programme.

12. Comment on the text using the following introductory phrases:

The text deals with...

I'd like said that...

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