Письменное задание № 2 Максимальный балл – 10.

Критерий	Количество баллов
Безошибочное выполнение всех упражнений и оформление в соответствии с требованиями	10 баллов
Выполнение задания не в полном объеме	До 8 баллов
Выполнение задания не в полном объеме и с наличием ошибок	До 3 баллов

GRAMMAR SECTION

English Tenses (Active Voice)

Ex. 1

Make up questions with “How long?” and “When?” using the Present Perfect, the Past Indefinite or the Present Perfect Continuous.

Model: He is a judge.

How long has he been working as a judge? When did he start working as a judge?

1. 
   The University of Law trains lawyers for the country. How long has it been training lawyers for the country? When did he start training lawyers for the country?
   
2. 
   Common Law system applies the doctrine of precedent. How long does it apply the doctrine of precedent? When did it begin to apply the doctrine of precedent?
   
3. 
   Common Law is the basis of the procedure. How long has the common law been the basis of the procedure? When did the law begin to form the basis of the procedure?
   
4. 
   I am investigating a computer theft. How long have I been investigating a computer theft? When did I start investigating the theft?
   
5. 
   The barrister was arguing his client’s case before the court. How long did the lawyer represent the case? When did he start presenting the case?
   
6. 
   Dr Smith has given lectures at the Law Department this month. How long did Dr. Smith lecture? When did he start lecturing?
   
7. 
   He is busy that moment. He has been taking part in questioning since the early morning. How long did he take part in the interrogation? When did he start taking part in the interrogation?
   

Ex. 2

Answer the questions using the time indication words suggested in brackets; change the tense forms accordingly:

Model:  When did you last speak to your advocate? (for ages)
— I haven’t spoken to him for ages.

1. 
   When did he last investigate a murder? (for years)
   

He was investigating a murder 4 years ago

2. 
   When did the Bar last admit new members? (since June)
   

The Board received members since June

3. 
   When did you last give evidence to the court? (for many years)
   

I have testified in court for many years

4. 
   When did Steve Williams last violate the Rules of Professional Conduct? (for ages)
   

He was breaking the rules for ages

5. 
   When did this attorney last lose a case? (in a long while)
   

The lawyer was losing in a long while

6. 
   When was this patrolman last on duty? (for the last few days)
   

Over the past few days, the patrolman has been on duty a couple of times

7. 
   When did you last deal with a common law action? (since last year).
   

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Since last year I have been engaged in common law litigation

Ex. 3

Mr Bruce, a retired policeman, came to see his former colleagues at the police station and found that many things were different. Complete the sentences using the verbs in brackets in the Past Perfect Tense.

Model: Some of his colleagues were no longer there. They (to retire).
	– They had retired.

1. 
   John Smith was no longer single. He (to marry) the secretary.
   

John Smith was no longer single. He married a secretary.

2. 
   Their boss captain Johnson didn’t work there. He (to get) a promotion.
   

Their boss, Captain Johnson, didn't work there. He had got a promotion.

3. 
   Bob Brown was dead. A criminal (to shoot) him.
   

Bob Brown was dead. The perp shot him.

4. 
   Sam Jenkins got a promotion. He (to pass) a special exam and (to become) a detective.
   

Sam Jenkins got a promotion. He passed a special exam and became a detective.

5. 
   His friend Bruce was no longer a failure. He (to disclose) several serious crimes.
   

His friend Bruce was no longer a loser. He had disclosed several serious crimes.

6. 
   Miss Green gave up working. She (to get married) and (to leave) the country.
   

Miss Green gave up working. She got had married and had left the country.

Ex. 4

Use to be, there + be or to have in the correct form:

1.In most countries _ there is___ only one legal profession.

2. This means that all lawyers _ have___ roughly the same professional education leading to the same legal qualification.

3. In England the system ___ is___ different.

4. Solicitors and barristers _ are_____ both qualified lawyers, but they _ have_____ a different legal training, and once they __ are____ qualified they usually do different types of legal work.

5. This __ is____ why it is said that __ there are____ two “branches” of the legal profession.

6. English lawyers __ are____ either solicitors or barristers.

7. They cannot _ be_____ both at the same time, but it __ _is____ possible for a solicitor to become a barrister and for a barrister to become a solicitor.

8. Legal executives __ have____ no rights of audience, but can appear in front of a judge on uncontested matters.

9. The legal profession as such __ has____ never been popular.

10. Indeed, the first thing revolutionaries usually do on seizing power __ is____ to overthrow the legal system, blaming it for all ills.

11. __ There are____ rules of behaviour, codes of professional conduct, which provide that when lawyers _ are_____ in court they must always _ be______ courteous to one another.

12. Many people who __ have_______ legal problems __ are____ worried about going to a solicitor for advice because of legal fees they _ have_____ to pay.

Ex. 5

Use either the Present Continuous or the Present Simple:

1. 
   – I am very busy now. I ______ (to prepare) the documents on a very difficult case.
   

• 
  ______________ (you /to do) it alone?
  
• 
  No, two managing clerks ________ (to help) me.
  

A solicitor ______ (to deal) with matters outside the court.

The Law Society ________ (to regulate) the conduct of solicitors in England.

What kind of law ______________(you/to practise)?

---

– What (the attorney/ to do) at present? – He _______ (to study) the particulars of the case.

I (not to believe) your evidence! You _________ (to lie)!

Legal service costs _______ (to increase) permanently due to inflation.

Attorney rarely _________ (to discuss) with their clients the possibility of losing the case.

(You/to know) what conveyancing (to mean)? – Conveyancing _______ (to mean) making all the legal arrangements for the buying and selling of land, houses and other buildings.

Probate (to be) a type of work a lawyer _______ (to do) that (to deal) with making a will for a client who, when he/she _______ (to die), _______ (to wish) to leave his/her property to certain persons or charities and making sure that his/her wishes are carried out.

The lawyer _______ (to serve) effectively as an advocate only if he _______ (to know) all that his client __________ (to know), concerning the facts of the case.

(You/ to know) if the number of lawyers _______ (to increase) or _______ (to decrease) in the country nowadays?

Ex.6

Translate the sentences into English.

РУССКИЙ ТЕКСТ	АНГЛИЙСКИЙ ТЕКСТ
1. Много изменений произошло в профессии юриста за последнее десятилетие.	1. Many changes have taken place in the legal profession over the past decade.
2. В настоящее время в Великобритании разделение обязанностей солиситора и барристера стало не таким строгим.	2. Currently, in the UK, the separation of duties of a solicitor and a barrister has become less strict.
3. Солиситоры часто выступают не только в судах низшей инстанции, но и в высших судах.	3. Solicitors often appear not only in lower courts, but also in higher courts.
4. Английские солиситоры добились значительного успеха в расширении своих прав, и поэтому существует надежда, что в будущем англичане отменят старую систему.	4. English solicitors have had considerable success in extending their rights, and it is therefore hoped that in the future the English will abolish the old system.
5. Сейчас нет необходимости для барристеров работать только в конторах адвокатов.	5. Now there is no need for barristers to work only in the offices of lawyers
6. С 1990 года барристеры имеют право делать объявления о своих услугах в газетах.	6. Since 1990, barristers have had the right to advertise their services in newspapers.
7. Профессия юриста чрезвычайно популярна в современном обществе.	7. The legal profession is extremely popular in modern society.
8. Если человек решил стать юристом, ему нужно быть терпеливым и трудолюбивым.	8. If a person decides to become a lawyer, he needs to be patient and hardworking.
9. Вам нужно сдать множество профессиональных экзаменов и обрести опыт.	9. You need to pass many professional exams and gain experience.
10. Важно решить, в какой области права вы хотите специализироваться.	10. It is important to decide what area of law you want to specialize in.
11. Адвокатская практика дает возможность представлять интересы клиентов в суде.	11. The practice of law provides an opportunity to represent the interests of clients in court.
12. Барристеры могут заниматься практикой самостоятельно, работая не в офисе, а дома.	12 Barristers can practice independently, working not in the office, but at home.

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