Track 3. Ex. 14. a. You are going to hear four conversations about restaurants and food. Listen and answer the questions.

1. 
   In conversation 1, what reasons do they give for going to a restaurant further away?
   
2. 
   In conversation 2, why do they think they need to do up the restaurant?
   
3. 
   In conversation 3, why does the woman want to swap dishes?
   
4. 
   In conversation 4, why is the man threatening to leave without paying?
   

b. Work in pairs. Choose the words that were used in each conversation. Listen again and check.

1. 
   a. The terrace gives onto / looks out the river.
   

b. They do / make some really nice snacks.

c. The walk will give you hunger / an appetite.

2. 
   a. The menu’s a bit limited / short.
   

b. The restaurant doesn’t look very interesting / inviting.

3. 
   a. The sauce is quite spicy so it really overcooks / overpowers the taste of everything else.
   

b. The steak is so tender / tough!

4. 
   a. The restaurant doesn’t deserve / merit the money.
   

b. The portions weren’t very great / generous.

c. Complete the sentences with the words in the box.

Note. In Listening, you heard that the vegetables were overcooked (it means they had been cooked too long, so they tasted watery).

overcharged overheated overreacted overdid overcooked overate overestimated overslept

1. 
   It was a great meal. In fact, my only complaint would be that the food was so good that I completely …!
   
2. 
   When I checked the bill, I realised we’d been … .
   
3. 
   He … it at the gym. He should be more careful.
   
4. 
   It was so hot, the car … on our way there.
   
5. 
   It was a mistake. I … how much food we needed.
   
6. 
   It was a bit of a disaster, because I … the pasta.
   
7. 
   I know the waiter was a bit rude, but I still think you … .
   
8. 
   No wonder he … this morning! He didn’t get to bed till three last night.
   

d. Work in pairs. Role-play two conversations.

1. Decide where to go for something to eat or drink. One of you should reject at least one suggestion.

2. You are having dinner together in a restaurant. Ask each other about the dishes you have ordered. Use the menu in ex. 12 a. for ideas, if you need to.


Ex. 15. a. Read the introduction to an article about people living abroad and getting used to foreign food. Then work in pairs. Discuss these questions:

1. 
   Are there many specialist shops selling foreign food in your town / city? Are there any near where you live?
   
2. 
   Do you ever shop in any of them? Why / Why not?
   
3. 
   What food from your country would you miss if you went to live abroad?
   

Food for thought

They say that the last thing you get used to when living abroad is the food. Look around any big city and you’re bound to find a wide range of specialist shops selling imported goods for foreigners living there. Supermarkets have also started to realise there’s money to be made by stocking Polish bread and beer, Chinese vegetables and Indian spices. We decided to interview four people about their experiences of living overseas to find out how they were coping with the food and with meal times. Here’s what they told us.
b. Work in two groups. Group A, read the first text. Group B, read the second text. As you read, answer these questions.

1. Where are the two people in your texts from?

2. Where are they living now? Why?

3. What do they like about the food and the way people eat there?

4. Is there anything they miss about their home?

5. What do they still find strange or annoying?

6. What do you think they’ll never get used to? Why?

Text 1

Ian (American)

I moved to Taiwan five years ago because my wife is from Taipei, and I love it here. We eat out a lot, and there are lots of good, cheap restaurants and street snacks. I’m vegetarian and there’s a long tradition of veggie food here so it’s great for me. Having said that, I’ll never get used to ‘stinky tofu’. The name is very accurate - it smells like sweaty socks mixed with rotting fish! I tried it once. The sauce was actually OK, but that smell is just so off-putting!

---

When you go to restaurants here, generally speaking, you all just order lots of different dishes and then everyone shares, which is nice. The first time I went out with my wife’s family, my father-in-law insisted on paying, which is pretty normal I suppose. What is still a bit strange for me, though, is when you go out with people of your own age and all the men always offer to pay for everything. There’s sometimes almost a fight to get hold of the bill first! Generally speaking, back home we just split the bill between everyone.

One final thing I find a bit annoying here is how surprised everyone is that I can use chopsticks. I mean, just because you’re foreign, it doesn’t mean you can’t learn how to use chopsticks!

Text 2

Isabella (Spanish)

I’ve been studying in Glasgow for two years now, and it’s a great city. When I first moved here, I spent six months living with a host family and they provided me with my first experience of the food. British food has got a bad reputation, but they served great stuff. They introduced me to some really interesting things like the Scottish national dish, haggis. It’s a bit like a Spanish blood sausage called morcilla, but bigger.

There were a couple of things I just couldn’t get used to, though. The first thing was that they always ate everything with bread and butter. It really made me miss olive oil! The other thing was that they used to have dinner at 6 o’clock every evening. I was starving by bedtime and it didn’t give me time to do anything beforehand!

Another cultural difference is that lots of people here go for a drink after work. They tend not to eat while they’re drinking, and only get something to eat when the pub finally closes: usually fish and chips, pizzas, that kind of thing. I’ve even seen deep-fried bars of chocolate! With food like that, it’s no wonder there are so many foreign restaurants here!

Having said that, I think I was actually quite unadventurous before coming here, but the Scottish have introduced me to food from other countries – Indian, Mexican, all of which I love now.

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c. Work in pairs with a student from the other group. Ask each other the questions in ex. b.

d. Continue working with a partner from the other group. Complete the sentences with words from the texts. The definitions in brackets will help you.

1. 
   Ian said ‘stinky tofu’ smells like sweaty socks and rotting fish and it’s really … . (making you not want to eat it)
   
2. 
   Ian said Americans usually just … the bill. (divide equally)
   
3. 
   Isabella didn’t like having dinner at 6 in the evening. She was always … by bedtime. (really hungry)
   
4. 
   She said she was … about eating new food before going to Scotland. (not brave)
   
5. 
   Ya-Wen described blue cheese as ………. cow fat. (rotten)
   
6. 
   She said she sometimes ordered things that didn’t … very nice. (end up being)
   
7. 
   Alan is now happy either pouring olive oil or … butter on his bread. (putting)
   
8. 
   He says people in Britain eat a lot of … meals instead of cooking fresh food. (pre-cooked)
   

e. Work in groups. Discuss these questions:

• 
  Do you do or eat any of the four people found strange / annoying?
  
• 
  What was the strangest thing the four people mentioned?
  
• 
  What food and eating habits in your country do you think foreigners might find strange?
  
• 
  In what way does traditional cuisine reflect national character?
  
• 
  Are eating habits of your country healthy or unhealthy? Why?
  

Ex. 16. a. Read the article quickly. What is the main reason for writing it?

1. 
   to advise people on how to improve their diet
   
2. 
   to explain that there is a connection between food and how people feel
   
3. 
   to describe a series of experiments on food
   

b. Six parts of the article 'How food affects mood' have been removed. Write the correct letter (a-f) in the gaps in the article.

1. 
   Research also suggests that the right foods
   
2. 
   that activate when people enjoy themselves
   
3. 
   if they were eating healthily and taking regular physical exercise
   
4. 
   who wrote a report based on the survey
   
5. 
   but felt guilty afterwards
   
6. 
   There is a definite link with food and mood
   

c. Underline the following parts of the article.

1. 
   four mental health problems
   
2. 
   the word the writer uses to describe food / drinks with a positive effect and examples of these
   
3. 
   the word the writer uses to describe food / drinks with a negative effect and examples of these
   
4. 
   the reason why it is important to drink enough fluid
   

d. Which adjectives went with these nouns? Look back at the article and sentences a-f in exercise b.

1. 
   immediate effect
   
2. 
   ……….. foods
   
3. 
   …………mental health
   
4. 
   ………… improvements
   
5. 
   .…………link
   
6. 
   …………physical exercise
   

How food affects mood

Eating ice cream really does make you happy. Scientists at the Institute of Psychiatry in London tested the brains of people eating vanilla ice cream. They found an immediate effect on parts of the brain 1. … . It works on the same part of the brain that reacts when people win money or listen to music.

2. … can improve people's mood and even their overall mental health. A survey of 200 people found 88 per cent reported that changing their diet improved their mental health. 26 per cent said they had seen marked improvements in mood swings, 26 per cent had seen improvements in panic attacks and anxiety, and 24 per cent in depression.

People in the survey identified mood 'stressors' and 'supporters'. Eating fewer 'stressors' like chocolate, sugar, caffeine and alcohol improved their mood. They also increased the 'supporters' they ate, like water, fruit, vegetables and oily fish. Not skipping breakfast, and eating regularly also led to an increase in well-being.

Over a third of people said they were 'very certain' that the improvements to their mental health were directly linked to the changes they had made to their diet. One person who completed the survey said, ' 3. … but I do lapse and when I do, I feel noticeably different. Once you find out your triggers, you can feel so much better.'

---

Amanda Geary, 4. … said 'A lot of these changes are very simple things that people can do and are fairly safe, and fit with healthy eating advice.'

Dr Wendy Doyle, a dietician, said oily fish and fruit and vegetables were known to be beneficial. 'They are good for general health - and you must have enough fluid to prevent dehydration.' She said people would also feel better 5. … Dr Doyle added, 'People may feel bad after eating chocolate because they enjoyed eating it, 6. … '

e. Complete the sentences with the collocations from exercise d.

1. 
   I think there's a … between talking about your feelings and being happy.
   
2. 
   I gave up strong coffee and it had an … on me - I stopped having headaches straight away and I slept better.
   
3. 
   There's been … in my children's behaviour since they have stopped eating sugar.
   
4. 
   A diet containing the … doesn't have to be boring.
   
5. 
   Many people don't realise that … is linked to eating a good diet.
   
6. 
   Taking …, like walking or cycling, helps me deal with stress.
   

Ex. 17. Comment on the proverbs:

A hungry man is an angry man! / Eat to live but do not live to eat! /

/ One man’s meat is another man’s poison. / Hunger is the best spice.

Ex. 18. Describe your eating habits. You should say:

• 
  what and where you prefer to eat;
  
• 
  what food is healthy for you;
  
• 
  who usually cooks in your family.
  

Comment on a proverb “We are what we eat”.


VIII. OCCUPATION

Ex. 1. a. Read the text and find English equivalents for the following Russian words and word combinations: 1) закончить школу; 2) биржа труда или бюро по трудоустройству; 3) высшее образование; 4) работа на неполную ставку; 5) зарабатывать деньги; 6) будущая профессия; 7) умения и навыки; 8) подготовительные курсы; 9) получить диплом; 10) получить квалификацию по какой-либо профессии.

Jobs for Young People in the UK

Some people leave school at sixteen and immediately start to work. But if they don’t have a job to go to, the first thing to enter the job market is to go to a local Job Centre or careers office, where they can get free advice and guidance.

Other people start to work after they have completed their higher education and get diploma at 22 or 23. However, many young people can work while they are still at school or university. One of the most traditional part-time jobs for schoolchildren is delivering newspapers to people’s doors.

Many young people also work in cafés, restaurants, department stores and bars or do baby-sitting. Students can find special summer jobs such as fruit picking to help them earn money during the summer holidays.

Those who leave school with only basic education can have training opportunities, however, it is often very difficult for them to find jobs. Some young people go to college where they can learn skills to help them in their future profession. One can also choose some training courses, for example art, mechanics, hairdressing or cookery. Those young people who complete their higher education on graduation can study to get some qualification to a specific profession.

b. Identify the following statements as T (true) or F (false) and correct the false ones. Prove your ideas.

1. It is very easy for a person of sixteen to find a job.

2. If you want to have a job you should go to a careers office.

3. People with only basic education can’t find any job.

4. Schoolchildren in the UK can’t earn money.

5. One usually receives a diploma at 22 or 23.

---

6. A student can’t work in a restaurant.

7. People choose different training courses.

8. Baby-sitting is free in England.

9. To become a journalist you should receive your higher education.

10. No one works during summer holidays.

c. Retell the text using the words and phrases from ex.1 a.
Ex. 2. Match each job in the list below with the sentence which best refers to the job.

accountant chef estate agent plumber fire-fighter carpenter vet refuse collector guide photographer optician

1. Yesterday I had to give an injection to an injured bull.

2. Make sure that the fish is fresh by looking at the eyes.

3. I get rather tired of picking up rubbish all day.

4. Unless you keep the receipts, you’ll pay more tax.

5. I can help you sell the house.

6. The cause was either an electrical fault or a cigarette.

7. I can make new doors for the wardrobe if you like.

8. The taps don’t work, and there is water all over the floor.

9. I want to visit as much of the old city as possible in an afternoon.

10. I want to have a special portrait made for my eighteenth birthday.

11. I can’t see to read very well and I think I need glasses.
Ex. 3. Choose the correct word in italics in each sentence.

1. Mrs Grant is a good employee / employer and pays her staff well.

2. Tom works in a local garage as a car engineer / mechanic.

3. I want to borrow some money, so I’m seeing the bank boss / manager.

4. Little Jimmy has got a new professor / teacher at his primary school.

5. Helen joined the army as an officer / official, and is now a captain.

6. The house really needed decorating so I called a painter / wallpaper.

7. Please ask the cash / cashier for a receipt.

8. Have you thought about getting a job as a typewriter / typist.

9. I waited for my letters, but the poster / postman was late as usual.
Ex. 4. Supply the best word or words.

1. The person in charge of a business is informally known as the … .

a) chef b) chief c) boss

2. The person who is in charge of a car is the … .

a) guide b) leader c) motorist d) driver e) conductor

3. A person who prepares food is a … .

a) cook b) cooker

4. A person who works in an office is an … .

a) officer b) office worker

5. A person who takes photographs is a … .

a) photograph b) photographer c) photography

6. A person who knows how to use a keyboard is a … .

a) typewriter b) typist c) typing machine writer

7. A woman who looks after other people’s children is a … .

a) nanny b) nurse

8. The person you work with is your … .

a) college b) colleague c) collaborator

9. The person who is in charge of a restaurant is a … .

a) patron b) manager

10. The person who would service your car is … .

a) a mechanic b) an engineer c) a technician

11. A person who studies the origins of the universe is a … .

a) physician b) physicist c) physics

12. Another word for a ‘doctor’ is a … .

a) physician b) physicist c) medicine

13. The person who teaches you at school is a … .

a) teacher b) professor

14. If you are one of the people waiting to be served in a shop you are a … .

a) client b) customer c) patient d) guest

15. If you serve people who come into a shop, you are … .

a) an official b) a shop assistant c) an attendant d) a bank clerk
Ex. 5 a. Which of the jobs in the box can you see in the photos? Label the photos.

civil servant plumber engineer surgeon

estate agent labourer lawyer accountant

security guard electrician graphic designer programmer

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