Файл: Сибирский государственный университет телекоммуникаций и информатики.doc

1. The method appears to be of some interest. 2. The project is unlikely to meet the goals. 3. Devices such as lamps, switches, batteries and transistors are known to be components of a useful circuit. 4. The improvement of the technological process is supposed to ensure lower cost of power. 5. Long transmission lines are known to be necessary for the transfer of electric energy over long distances. 6. By 1948 about 1000 FM stations were appeared to be licensed. 7. The railroad transport was considered to be the best means of communication some years ago. 8. The appearance of mobile phones is certain to change as new features continue to be added. 9. Each Bluetooth radio chip has a unique identifying code which is known to be used to look up a person′s information. 10. Light-emitting diodes are expected to become far more widespread in the coming years, because they use less energy.
V. Change complex sentences into sentences with the Complex Object.
Example: He expects that everybody will be ready to do this work.

He expects everybody to be ready to do this work.

We expect that he will solve this problem soon.
The survey proved that the video game became very popular and over 90 versions of it was produced.
We know that electronic-paper displays are making their way into a number of products.
A system developed at IBM, called Sensei ensures that operators are easy to understand and deal with callers efficiently.
Researches found that an e-book reader with a cellular connection was developed by Polymer Vision based in the Netherlands.
We have heard that a team of scientists of Bell Laboratories invented the first practical solar cell in 1954.
Heinrich Hertz declared: “I do not think that the wireless waves that I have discovered will have any practical application’.
I saw how the new locomotive started from the station.
I assume that sensors are not only being added to devices that already have electronics on them, but being put on to things that were formerly bare of any technology at all.
David Clark, a computer scientist at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology who helped to develop the Internet, believes that in 15 or 20 years′ time the network will accommodate a trillion devices, most of them wireless.

VI. Open the brackets and use the Complex Subject.
Example: James is expected (make) a report next Wednesday.

James is expected to make a report next Wednesday.
1. He is believed (work) at an urgent problem now.

2. They are known (make) a new discovery a month ago.

3. She is supposed (work) in the laboratory from 2 p.m. to 7 p.m. tomorrow.

4. The optical equivalent of a transistor is reported (produce) last month.

5. Over the next few month passengers are supposed (allow) to use their phones on a handful of aircraft.

6. The technological standard for transistor gate length is considered (change) within a couple of years.

7. Today the researchers are said (work) on making networked light fittings capable of monitoring the objects throughout a building.

8. All the benefits of the computing world – innovation, short development cycles and low cost proved (extend) to wireless communication recently.

9. A method for recording information on crystal by means of laser is known (develop) by a Russian researcher.

10. Today′s aircraft is expected (replace) by a new model of hypersonic aircraft by the year 2010.
VII. Change the sentences using be likely, be unlikely, be sure.
Example: The plane may not reach the place of destination on time.

The plane is unlikely to reach the place of destination.

US News&World Report suggested that solar cells may provide more power than all the world′s coal, oil and uranium.
Superconductors may find applications we don′t even think of at present.
They may not follow my recommendation.
The latest achievements in the field of nanotechnology will certainly make a revolution in our life.
Potential technical uses of high temperature superconductivity may be impossible and impractical.
A century is long time for engineers and our early ideas were certainly a hint of the solutions that we shall ultimately implement.
Making computer displays with higher pixel densities is costly, because you may get dead pixels during manufacturing.
A machinery may be damaged by mechanical shocks.
A digital instrument will certainly measure frequency and temperature when it is plugged in sensors.
The vessel may not arrive at the port of destination before October 1.

VIII. Translate the sentences and define the Complex Object and the Complex Subject.

Scientists use sensors to monitor the environment. 2. If mobile social networks do take off, they are likely to do so first in Europe, rather than tech-happy California or mobile-crazy Japan. 3. Martin Cooper of Motorola is widely considered to be the inventor of the first practical mobile phone for handheld use in a non-vehicle setting. 4. When the switch is closed, it offers a low resistance path and allows current to flow round the circuit. 5. The new technology enables control to be exercised from a distance and lets different devices interconnect to do something new. 6. The direct current is considered to flow from the positive terminal of the battery to the negative terminal and is called the conventional current flow. 7. An antenna and extra power allow the signal to be transmitted over long distances. 8. Mobile phones have already changed social practices among their users, and they are likely to do so even more in future. 9. The development of new and even more efficient multi-antenna algorithm is supposed to continue for a long time into the future. 10. The evolution is expected to continue to enhance the performance and capabilities of the 3G cellular standards.

IX. Open the brackets and use the Complex object.
Example: I would like (the professor, look through) my report.

I would like the professor to look through my report.
1. I suppose (they, work) in the office at the moment.

2. He expected (the meeting, hold) in the Red Room.

3. Recommendations from physicists will allow (the necessary measures, take) to protect the air from pollution.

4. We know (radio navigation stations, locate) at different places around the world to guide the pilots.

5. These articles will let (she, know) about the most famous technologists the world.

6. We know (the first digital optical disks, produce) in 1982 as disks for music.

7. We consider (he, be) a real inventor of the blue light-emitting diode.

8. Everybody heard (he, say) that it was possible to develop a mathematical model for constantly changing channels and then identify the channel by sending in “test” signals.

9. Would you like (I, help) you with a research facility?

10. What made (you, decide) to promote the cooperation between academia and industry?

X. Read the text. Express the main idea of the text. Translate it.

Analogue and digital displays
You have only to think of the array of instruments in the cockpit of a modern airliner, or the control room of a power station to realize that the most convenient way to convey information to a human operator of an electronic system is to use some form of visual display. We know two types of displays to be used, analogue or digital, but sometimes a combination of both of them. An analogue multimeter displays the value of a measurement on a moving-coil meter that uses a pointer moving over a calibrated scale. On the other hand, a digital multimeter generally uses a liquid crystal display (LCD) or a seven-segment light-emitting diode (LED) display to give a numerical value of a measurement.

Digital displays based on LCDs and LEDs are known to have largely replaced analogue displays in many different types of instrument. The main advantage of LED and LCD displays is that, they are more rugged and can stand up to vibration better than the rather fragile moving-coil meter. They are also cheaper and easier to manufacture, and purpose-designed integrated circuits are readily available to operate them. But perhaps the main reason for their rise to fame is that many of today′s electronic systems process digital signals that are compatible with the operating principles of LCDs and LEDs.

Numerical display is not always the preferred choice in a digital system. Sometimes it is better to use an analogue display when the change in a reading is looked for. Analogue displays are often used on hi-fi amplifiers in preference to digital displays to indicate the audio power delivered to loudspeakers or the signal strength of a radio station. These analogue displays use a “bar of light” made of discrete LEDs or LCD segments that lengthen or shortens in response to the signal strength. Analogue displays of that kind make it easier to see how the signal strength changes with time rather than having to interpret the precise value. Perhaps that is why some people prefer digital watches with LCD “hands” since the time of day seems to have more meaning when set against the twelve-hour scale of time round the face of the watch.

The combination of electronics and optics is known to be optoelectronics. For example, an LED is an optoelectronics device. Numbers, letters and other symbols are formed by the selective illumination of one or more segments arranged in the form of the figure “8”. Each of the LEDs labeled ‘a’ to ‘g’ can be switched on or off by digital circuits. A display of this type, forming both numbers and some letters, is known as an alphanumeric display.

The LCD is a popular method of displaying information, especially in digital watches and pocket games. LCDs can display not just numerical data, but also words and pictures. Large-area LCDs rather than a cathode-ray tube are commonly used on some oscilloscopes, laptop computers and scientific calculators. The main reason for choosing LCDs for these applications is that their power consumption is minute compared with LED displays. Whereas the LED display requires electrical power to generate light, the LCD simply controls available light. This means that it is easily seen in bright sunlight but it cannot be seen in the dark unless the display is “backlighted”.

The LCD relies on the transmission or absorption of light by certain organic carbon crystals that behave as if they were both solid and liquid, that is, their molecules readily take up a pattern as in a crystal and yet flow as a liquid. In the construction of the common LCD unit, this compound is sandwiched between two closely-spaced, transparent metal electrodes that are in the form of a pattern, e.g. as a seven-segment digit. When an a.c. signal is applied across a selected segment, the electric field causes the molecular arrangement of the crystal to change, and the segment shows up as a dark area against a silvery background. A polarizing filter on the top and bottom of the display enhances the contrast of black against silver by reducing reflected light. This type of LCD is called a field-effect LCD, since it relies on the electric field produced by the a.c. signal.
Vocabulary:
to convey – передавать

compatible – совместимый

moving-coil meter – магнитно-электрический измерительный прибор с подвижной катушкой

multimeter- универсальный электроизмерительный прибор

calibrated scale – градуированная шкала

light-emitting diode display – светодиодный дисплей

to be rugged - прочный, износоустойчивый

fragile – хрупкий

numerical display – цифровой дисплей (индикатор)

a.c. (alternating current) – переменный ток

oscilloscope - осциллограф

enhance - усиливать, улучшать

alphanumeric display - алфавитно-цифровой дисплей

high-fidelity amplifier – усилитель высококачественного воспроизведения

polarizing filter - поляризационный светофильтр

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Файл: Сибирский государственный университет телекоммуникаций и информатики.doc

IV. Translate the sentences paying attention to the Complex Subject.

X. Read the text. Express the main idea of the text. Translate it.

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