Sertoli cells and, 126, 129 spermatogenesis and, 127, 128f spermiogenesis and, 127, 128f undescended, 277
Tetralogy ofFallot, 204, 204f Thalamic pain syndrome,448 Thalamus, 447
nuclei of,448 Thiamine deficiency, 447 Thoracic aorta, 207 Thoracic cavity, 188, 188f
serousmembranes of, 189 Thoracic duct, 207, 209 Thoracic outlet, 313
Thoracic outlet syndrome, 192, 313
Thoracolumbar (sympathetic) outflow, 180, 18lf-182f, 342, 342f Thorax
cavity. See Thoracic cavity chest wall, 185, 186f diaphragm in, 222-223, 223f
heart embryology, 195. See also Fetal circulatory system; Heart tube
heart in. See Heart
lower respiratorysystem embryology, 186, 187f lungs. See Lung(s)
mediastinum, 206-212
pleura and pleural cavity, 190--192, 19lf Thrombosis, cavernous sinus, 325 Thymus, 73, 74f, 209
ectopic, 320
Thyroglossal duct cyst/fistula, 320 Thyroid gland
development of, 318 ectopic, 320
Tight junctions, 16, 18f freeze-fracture of, 17f
Tongue development, 317, 318f Tourette syndrome,433 Trabecularbone, 37, 39 Trachea, 78, 209
epithelial cell types in, 79, 79f
structure and composition of, 77-78, 78f Tracheoesophageal fistula, 187[, 188f
trans (maturing) face, in Golgi apparatus, 8, 9f Transcortical apraxia, 466, 470f
Transient cells, 29
Transitional epithelium, 21, 22f Transposition of the great vessels, 204, 205f Transtentorial herniation, 440
Treacher Collins syndrome, 320 Trigeminal nerve (CNV), 386[, 393
nuclei of, 388
regions innervated by, 394f Trochlear nerve (CN N), 385[, 393 Tropomyosin, 50
Troponins, 50
Truncus arteriosus septation, 203-205, 203f-204f T-tubule system, 51, 5lf
u
Ulnar nerve lesion, 291 effects of, 292
Uncal herniation, 440
Index
Undescended testis, 277 Unicellular glands, 23
Upper limb(s). SeealsoBrachia! plexus arterial supply to, 293, 294f carpal tunnel and, 295, 295f collateral circulation of, 295 muscle innervation of, 286-287 nerve injuries in, 288
radiological images of, 297f-298f rotator cuffand, 296, 296f sensory innervation of, 287, 288f terminal nervesof, 286
Upper motoneurons (UMNs), 362, 363[, 364f lesions of, 367, 368f
Ureter, 266 double, 266
embryology of, 263, 264f in female pelvis, 272
posterior abdominal wall and, 266 Urethra, 268
distal spongy, 268 embryology of, 265, 265f
Urinarybladder, 267-268 embryology of, 265, 265f
Urinaryincontinence, 268 Urinary system
blood circulation in, 1 17 components of, 115 development of, 263-264, 264f functions of, 1 16-117
kidney in, 115, 115f nephron in, 117 organization of, 117
Uriniferous tubule, l16f Urogenital diaphragm, 269, 270f Urogenital triangle, 273
Uterus, 144-145, 145[, 272, 272f
v
Vagina, 145, 146f Vagus nerve (CN X), 209
dorsal motor nucleus of, 389 Valsalva maneuver, defecation and, 102 Varicocele, 236
Vas deferens, 131, 132f Veins, azygos systemof, 207 Ventral horn, 359 Ventricles, ofheart, 216, 216f
Ventricular septa! defect (VSD), 202 Ventricular septation, 202, 202f
Ventricular system, 351-354. See also Cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) Vermal region lesions, 426
Vertebrae, 171, 173, l73f
and spinal nerve relationship, 179 Vertebral artery, brain stem and, 410, 410f Vertebral canal, 176, l76f
spinal cord in. See Spinal cord Vertebral column, 171, 173f
important levels in, 177, l77f ligaments of, 174
Vertebral venous plexus, 177 Vertigo, 404
Vestibular fibers, 402
MEDICAL 493
