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Иностранный язык. Вопросы к зачету за 6(4) семестр.
23.02.01 Организация перевозок и управление на транспорте (по видам)
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Составить рассказ на английском языке на тему: «Повседневное поведение англичан», используя глаголы в страдательном залоге, преимущественно в Indefinite Passive (5-10 предложений). -
Перевести текст на русский язык на тему: «Общественная жизнь в Великобритании»: «The way of life in Great Britain is very different from ours. The British don´t like to show their emotions and feelings in public like the Americans do. This is what we call their being conservative and reserved. British people are very polite, too. If you listen to a conversation between two British people, there are a lot of expressions like “Thank you”, “I am sorry”, or “Excuse me.” As far as shaking hands goes, it´s necessary to say that people in Britain shake hands only when they are introduced for the first time or after they see each other after a long time» -
Составить рассказ на английском языке на тему: «Мои профессиональные навыки и умения», используя глаголы в страдательном залоге, преимущественно в Indefinite Passive (5-10 предложений). -
Перевести предложения, содержащие глаголы в страдательном залоге, преимущественно в Indefinite Passive, на русский язык:
The train was delayed at the station.
The dispatcher was distracted from the work.
The working time-table was made two months ago.
The sidings were occupied by trains.
The freight trains are sent according destinations.
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Перевести сложноподчиненные предложения с придаточными типа If I were you, I would do English, instead of French:
If I told you this earlier, you would tell everybody.
If I were you, I would do my work diligently.
If it was sunny, the Englishman would go outside.
If it was rainy, the British would take an umbrella.
If the Englishman met somebody, he would talk about the weather.
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Перевести текст на русский язык на тему: «Научно-технический прогресс»: «The modern era of scientific and technological progress has come in the 40-50s. It was then that originated and developed its main areas: manufacturing automation, control and management on the basis of electronics; creation and application of new construction materials and others. With the advent of rocket and space technology began developing people near space. Bell argued that it should now be mass production of information, providing appropriate social development in all areas». -
Составить рассказ на английском языке на тему: «Использование компьютера в современном мире» (5-10 предложений). -
Перевести текст на русский язык на тему: «Изобретение Всемирной паутины»: «The origins of the Internet date back to research commissioned by the United States government in the 1960s to build robust, fault-tolerant communication via computer networks. This work, combined with efforts in the United Kingdom and France, led to the primary precursor network, the ARPANET, in the United States. The interconnection of regional academic networks in the 1980s marks the beginning of the transition to the modern Internet. From the early 1990s, the network experienced sustained exponential growth as generations of institutional, personal, and mobile computers were connected to it». -
Составить рассказ на английском языке на тему: «Роль интернета в современном мире» (5-10 предложений). -
Перевести на русский язык предложения со сложным дополнением типа I want you to come here.
We noticed the woman enter the house through the back door.
I saw them walk along the road.
I did not hear her say this because she spoke in a soft voice.
I have never heard you sing.
We saw the postman slip a thick envelope into the box.
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Раскрыть скобки, поставить глаголы в подходящее по контексту время. Перевести на русский язык сложноподчиненные предложения с союзами for, as, till, until, (as) though:
He (to make) some preparations for his mother's birthday.
This car (to be) not as good as that one.
They (to wait) Alex for a long time till it became dark.
The child (can) not go for a walk till his parents came.
Brooks's comet may (to be) visible until the end of the year.
As to passenger trains the most important factors (to be) constant.
Though freight trains differ from passenger ones, they (to be) also important.
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Перевести на русский язык сложноподчиненные предложения с придаточным типа If I were you, I would do English, instead of French:
If you are ill, you should go to bed.
If I were you, I would go to the doctor.
If I were you, I would take a taxi.
If the weather is fine, we will go to a picnic.
If he comes late, we will be late to the cinema.
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Раскрыть скобки, поставить глаголы в подходящее по контексту время. Перевести сложноподчиненные предложения с придаточными типа If I were you, I would do English, instead of French:
If the train comes, you will (to get) on it.
If I were you, I would (to go) by train.
If the train came, the Englishman would (to take) his place.
If the dispatcher made a mistake, the superintendent would (to tell) him.
If the freight train came early, it would have (to wait) on the siding.
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Объяснить, что такое страдательный залог. Перевести предложения, содержащие глаголы в страдательном залоге, преимущественно в Indefinite Passive, на русский язык:
Marshalling yards are very important for the railway work.
The incoming trains are received.
The freight yards are modernized.
The work is under the supervision of yard-master.
The work is facilitated by the use of electronic computers.
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Объяснить, что такое действительный залог. Перевести предложения на английский язык, заменяя глаголы в страдательном залоге, преимущественно в Indefinite Passive, на глаголы действительного залога.
Я увидел, как поезд переводили на другой путь.
Этот подъездной путь давно не используется.
Мне велели сделать следить за поездами на диспетчерском табло.
Доклад о работе сортировочной станции был прочитан вчера.
Вагоны сортированы в зависимости от места назначения.
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Объяснить отличия страдательного и действительного залогов. Перевести предложения содержащие глаголы в страдательном залоге, преимущественно в Indefinite Passive, на русский язык:
The meeting was delayed till tomorrow.
The cat is cared by my neighbor.
It was interesting for Kate to know the results of the competition.
I was said to come a bit late.
My mother had been taken to the hospital.
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Составить рассказ на английском языке на тему: «Мой выбор профессии», используя различные коммуникативные и структурные типы предложений (5-10 предложений). -
Рассказать о структурных типах предложений, используемых в английском языке. Определить структурные типы предложений и перевести предложения:
The train is coming on the third way.
The island platform is cheaper to operate than two different platforms.
I came to the railway station, the train was already there.
The open freight car is loading now.
Are that two sidings using at this moment?
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Перевести условные предложений Conditional I на русский язык.
If my uncle comes, we talk about poetry.
If I need money, I borrow from my friend.
If it looks like rain, we’ll stay at home.
If I have more time, I’ll come over.
If he is working on Friday, he won’t be able to go with us.
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Перевести условные предложений Conditional II на русский язык.
If I were you, I would go there myself.
If I had more time, I would come over.
If you knew him better, you wouldn’t think so.
If it were not raining, I could go out.
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Перевести условные предложения Conditional III на русский язык.
If the train had gone in time, we should have taken the train.
If the dispatcher had been attentive, the train haven't been delayed.
If the cars had been loaded, the train have been able to leave in time.
If the siding had been occupied, the dispatcher have had to switch the signal.
If the yardmaster hadn't been busy, we have had a chance to solve the problem.
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Составить рассказ на английском языке на тему: «Мой лучший отдых», используя инфинитивные обороты (5-10 предложений). -
Перевести текст на тему: «Мой лучший выходной день», найти и подчеркнуть в тексте инфинитивы: «Today is my weekend. I was waiting for it till Monday. I'm very tired by studying, and I have a lot of work to do. But today I'll have a rest. I'll go to the park for a walk, will listen to the birds. Then I'll go shopping- it's a great pleasure for me to buy clothers and other things. Today it's me for me and everything is in it's place» -
Составить рассказ на английском языке на тему: «Мое путешествие», используя инфинитивы обороты (5-10 предложений). -
Перевести текст на тему: «Туристические достопримечательности Москвы», найти и подчеркнуть в тексте инфинитивные обороты: «There are so many Moscow sights, it would take ages to cover them! You must see Moscow Red Square where the kings were coronated, and the Communist leaders got buried. The Kremlin is the political, cultural and historical center of the country. The Cathedral of Christ the Savior was built to celebrate the victory over Napoleon, it was cruelly destroyed by the Bolsheviks who replaced it with a swimming pool! Today, it's one of the most famous Moscow sights» -
Назвать все глаголы времени Past Continuous, использованные в тексте, и их дифференциальные признаки:
«The dispatcher was working from 1 am till 8 a.m. It was a very difficult night. Many trains was arriving and leaving the station at that time. The dispatcher had to watch attentively the work of the switchers. The marshalling yard was overloaded with work. The freight trains were coming constantly. The dispatcher was very tired. »
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Перевести предложения на русский язык, используя различные способы передачи значений инфинитива:
The train had to arrive at five o'clock.
The dispatcher wants to turn the train to the second way.
This siding has to be used for the freight train.
The passenger train tends to be late on their way from sidings.
The cars have to be loaded.
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Перевести предложения на русский язык, используя различные способы передачи значений инфинитивных оборотов:
The dispatcher was going to send the train on the fifth way.
Freight trains must be loaded that to leave as quick as possible.
These cars had to be sorted.
I want to take the train in Ekaterinburg.
Cars can form the trains.
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Составить рассказ на английском языке на тему: «Музей Лондона» (5-10 предложений). -
Составить рассказ на английском языке на тему: «Театр Москвы» (5-10 предложений). -
Перевести предложения на английский язык, заменяя глаголы действительного залога на глаголы в страдательном залоге:
Первый подъездной путь принимает состав.
На семафоре горит красный сигнал.
Диспетчер включил сигнал на табло.
Товарный состав прошел на пятый путь.
Экспресс идет без опозданий.
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Перевести на русский язык сложные предложения, содержащие придаточные предложения времени и условия:
If the third way was busy, the train should go on the second one.
When cars are sorted, they form trains.
If the working time-table has a mistake, it will be a danger for the whole traffic.
When the old hump yard is modernized, the process of sorting cars will be quicker.
When the more we learn about the work of the train dispatcher, then the better we understand its importance.
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Составить рассказ на английском языке на тему: «Государственное устройство Российской Федерации», используя Past Perfect (5-10 предложений). -
Перевести текст на тему: «Правовые институты Российской Федерации»: «Head constitutional institutions are characterized by a high degree of generalization, most of them wide coverage rules. These include, for example, the institution of citizenship, the institution of the fundamental rights, freedoms and responsibilities, the institution of government, institute electoral system and others. Included in the leading institute legal norms as may be fixed in the content of the Constitution and other sources of constitutional law. For example, not all institutions and norms, combined head of citizenship expressed in the Constitution. A significant part of their fixed in their own existing law on citizenship» -
Составить рассказ на английском языке на тему: «Правовые институты Великобритании», используя Future in the Past (5-10 предложений). -
Перевести текст на тему: «Государственное устройство Великобритании»: «The United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland is a constitutional monarchy. It means that the sovereign reigns but does not rule. Britain does not have a written constitution, but a set of laws. Parliament is the most important authority in Britain. Technically Parliament is made up of three parts: the Monarch, the House of Lords; and the House of Commons. In reality the House of Commons is the only one of the three which has true power. The monarch serves formally as head of state. But the monarch is expected to be politically neutral and should not make political decisions. » -
Перевести предложения на английский язык, обращая внимание на дифференциальные признаки глаголов в Past Perfect, Past Continuous, Future in the Past.
Этот путь уже освободился вчера к двум часам ночи.
Диспетчер работал в течении трех часов позавчера.
Товарный состав был отправлен неделю назад.
Я знал, что экспресс задержат.
Диспетчер объявил, что вагоны готовы к сортировке.
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Найти и выписать инфинитивы и инфинитивные обороты в тексте и рассказать о способах передачи их значений на русском языке. Перевести текст на русский язык:
«Coaches are loaded at thousand of different points. They can reach their destinations only in the form of trains. On marshalling yards the coaches have to be assembled into trains. The dispatcher must sort the coaches according to their destination. He can also assemble the coaches in sections without regard to destination. It is obvious that the efficiency of work can be reached with the help of computers»
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Рассказать о признаках и значениях слов и словосочетаний с формами на -ing, встречающихся в тексте: «As the speed became greater and the engine longer, the locomotive was found to rock from side to side when running full out. A pair of trailing wheels was put at the back. They were called "trailing" because they had no connection with the coupled driving wheels». -
Рассказать об особенностях сложносочиненных предложений. Найти сложносочиненные предложения в тексте и перевести на русский язык:
«Many railroads in the United States, Canada, Europe, Russia, and other countries are replacing the old short-length rails with new lengths of rails, most of which measure about 1/4 mile (400 m) long. Workers weld together standard rails to make continuous welded lengths of rails. Welded rails have fewer gaps and so produce a smoother ride than rails joined in many places. Continuous welded rails are also easier for railroad work crews to maintain».
| Билет 1
Marshalling yards are very important for the railway work. The incoming trains are received. The freight yards are modernized. The work is under the supervision of yard-master. The work is facilitated by the use of electronic computers.
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| Билет 2
Этот путь уже освободился вчера к двум часам ночи. Диспетчер работал в течении трех часов позавчера. Товарный состав был отправлен неделю назад. Я знал, что экспресс задержат. Диспетчер объявил, что вагоны готовы к сортировке.
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| Билет 3
If I were you, I would go there myself. If I had more time, I would come over. If you knew him better, you wouldn’t think so. If it were not raining, I could go out.
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