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READING-SPEAKING
1. Look through Text 2 and do comprehension tasks below.
RUSSIA IS A MEMBER OF THE OLYMPIC MOVEMENT
Russia was an important member of the modern Olympic movement and Russian sportsmen first participated in the Olympic Games in 1908 (the Fourth Olympics, held in London). A team of five contestants went to Britain. They were sponsored by voluntary contributions. It did surprisingly well, winning a gold medal in figure-skating, two silvers in wrestling. Russian athletes took the 14th place overall (among 22 nations). For the next Olympic games, which were held in Stockholm in 1912, the sports societies were prepared to sponsor a much larger contingent.
The government set up a Russian Olympic Committee, which was headed by Baron F. Meyendorf. A team of 169 athletes gathered to take part in all 15 sports on the Olympic programme. In the Games, Russia shared the 15th place with Austria, out of 28 countries, and won few medals. The best performance came from a wrestler, M. Klein. He broke his arm in the semi-final and had to lose his chance to wrestle in the final. But he won a silver medal.
The only other medals were one in gymnastics, second place for the Russian team in pistol and revolver shooting and third places in shooting and clay pigeon shooting. As the result, the government decided to hold national championships, «Olympiads» on the model of the Olympic programme. They had to stimulate the work of the sports societies and prepare athletes properly for international competitions.
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COMPREHENSION CHECK
1. Now after reading the text ask some questions to your groupmate. Work in pairs. Exchange your roles.
2. Using the information from the text above complete the sentences:
1. Russia was an important member of the modern … .
2. Russian sportsmen first participated in the Olympic Games in … .
3. For the second Olympic games for Russia, which were held in … .
4. The government set up … .
5. National championships had to stimulate the work of the sports societies and prepare athletes properly … .
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VOCABULARY
1. Give the Russian equivalents to the following words and word-combinations:
| disabilities, multi-sport event, mobility disabilities, amputations, blindness, cerebral palsy, treatment, intellectual disabilities, dwarfism, multiple sclerosis, congenital disorders, deaf athletes |
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READING-SPEAKING
1. Look through Text 3 and do comprehension tasks below.
The Paralympic Games
T
he Paralympic Games is a major international multi-sport event, involving athletes with a range of physical and intellectual disabilities, including mobility disabilities, amputations, blindness, and cerebral palsy. There are Winter and Summer Paralympic Games, which since the 1988 Summer Games in Seoul, South Korea, are held immediately following the respective Olympic Games. All Paralympic Games are governed by the International Paralympic Committee (IPC).The Paralympics have grown from a small gathering of British World War II veterans in 1948 to become one of the largest international sporting events by the early 21
st century. Paralympians strive for equal treatment with non-disabled Olympic athletes, but there is a large funding gap between Olympic and Paralympic athletes.
The Paralympic Games are organized in parallel with the Olympic Games, while the IOC-recognized Special Olympics World Games include athletes with intellectual disabilities, and the Deaflympics include deaf athletes.
The present formal explanation for the name «Paralympic» is that it derives from the Greek preposition παρά, pará («beside» or «alongside») and thus refers to a competition held in parallel with the Olympic Games. The Summer Games of 1988 held in Seoul was the first time the term «Paralympic» came into official use.
Given the wide variety of disabilities that Paralympic athletes have, there are several categories in which the athletes compete. The allowable disabilities are broken down into six broad categories. The categories are amputee, cerebral palsy, intellectual disability, wheelchair, visually impaired, and Les Autres (literally «The Others», which are athletes with disabilities that do not fall into the other five categories; these include dwarfism, multiple sclerosis, and congenital disorders). These categories are further broken down into classifications, which vary from sport to sport. The classification system has led to cheating controversies revolving around athletes who over-stated their disabilities, in addition to the use of performance-enhancing drugs seen in other events.
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COMPREHENSION CHECK
1. Answer the following questions:
2. Translate the folllowing sentences into Russian:
1. The Paralympic Games were designed to emphasize the participants' athletic achievements, not their disability.
2. «Spirit in Motion» is the motto for the Paralympic movement.
3. The Paralympic anthem is «Hymn de l'Avenir» or «Anthem of the Future». It was composed by Thierry Darnis and adopted as the official anthem in March 1996.
4. The International Paralympic Committee (IPC) has established ten disability categories. Athletes are divided within each category according to their level of impairment, in a functional classification system which differs from sport to sport.
5. There are twenty Paralympic sports on the Summer Paralympic program and there are five Paralympic sports on the Winter Paralympics program.
6. Four sports, swimming, athletics, table tennis and rowing, were anticipated to hold competitions for intellectually disabled athletes at the 2012 Summer Paralympics.
7. Some sports are only held for certain disability types.
8. Television broadcasts of Paralympic Games began in 1976, but this early coverage was confined to taped-delay releases to one nation or region.
9. At the 1992 Summer Paralympics there were 45 hours of live coverage but it was available only in Europe.
10. The Summer Games of 1988 held in Seoul was the first time the term «Paralympic» came into official use.
3. Fill in gaps with the given words and word-combnations and you will read short information about notable paralympic champions:
| swim team, medals, Paralympian, Paralympic career, Olympics |
A. Trischa Zorn of the United States is the most decorated … in history. She competed in the blind swimming events and won a total of 55 …, 41 of which are gold. Her … spanned 24 years from 1980 to
2004. She was also an alternate on the 1980 American Olympic …, but did not go to the … due to a boycott by the United States and several of its allies.
| events, gold, Winter Paralympic Games, medals, record |
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Ragnhild Myklebust of Norway holds the … for the most medals ever won at the … . Competing in a variety of … in 1988, 1992, 1994 and 2002, she won a total of 22 …, of which 17 were gold. After winning five … medals at the 2002 Games she retired at the age of 58.
| competition, competitor, Olympic Games, event |
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Neroli Fairhall, a paraplegic archer from New Zealand, was the first paraplegic …, and the first Paralympian, to participate in the …, when she competed in the 1984 Summer Olympics in Los Angeles. She placed thirty-fourth in the Olympic archery …, and won a Paralympic gold medal in the same ….
GRAMMAR REVIRSION
1. Replace the Infinitive in brackets by the correct tense-form (Passive Voice):
1. Weightlifting (to cultivate) in every big toun in Russia. 2. He (to recognize) as a world heavy-weight champion by the World Boxing Council. 3. The world middle-weight title (to win) by the italian sportsman. 4. The left forward (to knock) off his feet by the centre before he had time to kick the ball. 5. 23 bouts (to fight) by our olympic gold medalist. 6. Thousands of people (to attract) by this event. 7. Sports facilities (to built) all over the country. 8. Basketball (to play) by two teams of five players each. 9. Some time ago an international kayak and canoe contest (to hold) in our country. 10. The results of the best hockey match (to discuss) when I came. 11. The annual swimming competition (to hold) in a few days. 12. Sports boarding schools and specialised sports schools (to establish) all over Russia. 13. The construction of the new stadium in our city (to finish) by the end of the next year. 14. Where is John? – He (to introduce) to the ex-world champion. 15. The game (to finish) by 2 o'clock yesterday.
2. Insert the necessary modal verbs in the correct forms:
1. They … stop training at once because their coach couldn't stay with them. 2. She … play basketball. 3. … we train every day? - No, you … . 4. … I do this exercise once more? – No, you … . 5. They … swim very fast. 6. You … go to the swimming-pool every day. 6. These students … train more if they want to become good sportsmen. 7. Only a sportsman who trains hard … to take the first place in a competition. 8. The player … not leave the playing ground without permission of an official. 9. You … help your friends in their training as you are one of the best sportsmen in the group. 10. You … not come to the stadium so early. 11. The visiting team … arrive on Friday. 12. The game of handball … be played either indoors or outdoors and thus be enjoined at all seasons. 13. The competition … take part at the university gym. 14. You … take part in the race now. You are well-trained. 15. Your coach is ill. You … visit him.
UNIT 5. FAMOUS SPORTSMEN
| Topics: 1. Irina Chaschina. 2. Soccer Has Never Seen Anyone Like The Great Pele Grammar: Non-finite forms of the Verb (Infinitive, Gerund, Participle I, Participle II) |
| Topic 1. |
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VOCABULARY
1. Check the meaning and pronunciation of the words and expressions in the box in the dictionary. Make your own sentences using them:
| gymnast, under supervision of, to make a deep impression on smb., gymnasium, calisthenics, to be flexible, to get success, regimen, performance, to be disqualified for |
2. Look through the list of vocabulary notes and try to match them with the words and phrases given in Russian:
| 1) sportswoman, 2) gymnast, 3) sport career, 4) under supervision, 5) sport-lover, 6) training, 7) gymnastics, 8) championship, 9) to make a deep impression, 10) to take up sport/to go in for sport, 11) support, 12) lifestyle, 13) calisthenics, 14) flexible, 15) train hard, 16) merited, 17) coach, 18) to gain a victory/to win, 19) combined team, 20) tournament, 21) multi-discipline event, 22) hoop, 23) skipping rope, 24) mace, 25) fan, 26) perform, 27) regimen, 28) disqualify, 29) competition, 30) to take part in/to participate in, 31) under the strictest control, 32) performance, 33) elegance, 34) grace. |
| 1) турнир, 2) грациозность, 3) тренер, 4) любитель спорта, 5) выступление, 6) режим, 7) гимнаст, 8) тренировка, 9) дисквалифицировать, 10) гимнастика, 11) изящество, 12) под руководством, 13) принимать участие в …, 14) спортсменка, 15) художественная гимнастика, 16) чемпионат, 17) сборная команда, 18) гибкий, 19) выступать, 20) скакалка, 21) под строжайшим контролем, 22) спортивная карьера, 23) фанат, 24) заниматься спортом, 25) поддержать, 26) обруч, 27) заслуженный, 28) произвести сильное впечатление, 29) образ жизни, 30) многоборье, 31) булава, 32) завоевать победу/выиграть, 33) усиленно тренироваться, 34) соревнование. |
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READING-SPEAKING
1. Look through Text 1 and do comprehension tasks below.
IRINA CHASCHINA
T
here are many outstanding sportsmen all over the world. I have got a favourite sportswoman: it is Irina Chaschina, the famous Russian gymnast. Irina Chacshina was born on the 24th of April in 1982 in the Russian city of Omsk. She began her sport career at the age of 6 under supervision of Arais Elena Nikolaevna in Omsk. Her grandfather, a great sport-lover, first brought her to training. Only a day before Irina watched gymnastics world championship which made a deep impression on her. She realized at once that she wants to take this kind of sport up. Her grandfather supported this decision, besides, sport was a very good idea for a plump young girl. Irina’s mother, a teacher of musical school, wanted her daughter to devote herself to music. Moreover, the parents wished Irina to learn to swim. So, that was her crazy lifestyle: music – swimming pool – gymnasium.I
n the 7th form she had to choose and it was gymnastics that Irina began to go in for. It is rather interesting, that in the beginning Irina was offered to do sport gymnastics but the girl rejected this idea and declared that she would gladly take up calisthenics. That time Irina was far from being slim and flexible. In other words, she was not in a sports form but she trained hard and gradually got success.Four years later the famous merited coach of Russia – Vera Efremovna Shtelbaums began to train Irina. The girl gained her first victory at the championship in Omsk, when she was 8 years old. At 12 she joined the combined team of Russia and began to train in Moscow from time to time. Being a junior Irina took the first place at a very prestigious tournament – the Unity of Independent States Spartakiada and won twice the championship among girls. Then she won bronze at the championship of Russia and took the third place at the championship of Europe. Since august 1999 Irina trained under supervision of Irina Aleksandrovna Winer and became the world champion in Osaka.
The season of 2001 became the most successful for Irina. She won the multi-discipline event at the 7th world games in Japan, won gold medals at the championship of Europe in the exercises with a hoop and a skipping-rope. She also took the first place at the international tournament in France, won gold at the world championship in Spain in the exercises with a hoop and silver in all other kinds of exercises. Irina believes her best compositions the exercises with a hoop and maces. «They are the most difficult, that’s why they are interesting!», – says Irina.
I
rina’s fans often mark her seriousness and the fact that she hardly ever smiles while performing. In fact Irina is a very kind and responsive person. «In my usual life I like to laugh when it is really very funny, especially if interesting people surround me», – she says.Everybody knows that the geography of gymnastics tournaments is quite vast. Irina Chaschina has visited a lot of countries but she likes Japan best of all, though its way of life seems a bit complicated and unusual to her. Irina reads a lot, adores going to the cinema. She always dreams of having a dog but her strict regimen doesn’t allow her to do it yet. To those who just do their first steps in gymnastics Irina advises not only to train the body but also the brains. «In calisthenics you should have intellect», – she says.
There was one unpleasant thing that happened to Irina and one more famous Russian gymnast – Alina Kabaeva. Being the leaders of the world calisthenics in 2001 they were caught taking a strong diuretic. As a result they were both disqualified for two years, so they had no right to take part in competitions. The second year of disqualification was conditional, so, the sportswomen were allowed to participate in official tournaments but they were constantly under the strictest control.
Irina Chaschina is considered to be a great sportswoman. Some people even call her the queen of calisthenics. Her performances are always interesting to watch as they are full of elegance, grace and boundless talent.
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COMPREHENSION CHECK
1. Answer the following questions:
1. When and where was Irina Chaschina born?
2. What kind of sport does Irina go in for?
3. When did Irina begin her sport career?
4. Who was Chaschina’s first coach?
5. Who first brought Irina to training?
6. When did the girl realize that she wants to go in for gymnastics?
7. Was gymnastics her only occupation?
8. Was Irina Chaschina in a good sport form when she decided to do calisthenics?
9. What was the name of Irina’s second coach?
10. When did the gymnast gain her first victory?
11. What other sport achievements does Chaschina have?
12. Who was Irina’s third coach?
13. The season of what year became the most successful for Chaschina? Why?
14. What compositions does Irina believe the best ones in her exercises? Explain why.
15. What is her favourite country?
16. What does Irina like to do in her free time?
17. What does she advise to beginners in gymnastics?
18. What unpleasant thing once happened to the famous gymnast?
19. What was the punishment for taking diuretic?
20. What Chaschina’s performances are like? Do you agree with it?
2. Say if the given below statements are true or false.