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LIST OF PHRASAL VERBS FOR BUSINESS AND WORK

Phrasal verbs are verbs used with another word (an adverb or preposition) to create a commonly used phrase.

Phrasal verbs are idiomatic — you can’t guess the meaning of a phrasal verb by interpreting each of the words it contains literally. For example, if you say, “I’ll look into the mirror,” you are going to direct your sight to a mirror. In this case, “look into” is not a phrasal verb; it’s simply a verb followed by a preposition. On the other hand, if you say, “I don’t know what phrasal verbs are, but I’ll look into it,” you are not directing your sight into phrasal verbs—you are going to find out more about them.
1. Draw up

Meaning: an agreement, a contract, a list, etc. means to compose the document and put it in written form.

Example: My lawyer will draw up a contract and send it for your review.
2. Get ahead

Meaning: to be successful in your career or life; to make more progress than others:

Example: You need to make lots of connections in order to get ahead in this industry.
3. Burn out

Meaning: to work too hard, so that you become completely stressed and exhausted. The noun form, burnout, is also used.

Example: If you keep working 16-hour days, you’ll burn out within a month.
4. Measure up

Meaning: it is not satisfactory; it doesn’t compare well with the standards.

Example: This designer’s work just doesn’t measure up to the quality we’ve come to expect.
5. Zero in on

Meaning: to focus closely on it.

Example: We’ve tried a lot of strategies, but we need to zero in on what’s actually working.
6. Pencil in

Meaning: to set the appointment, but not confirm it as final.

Example: Let’s pencil in a lunch meeting next Wednesday – but I’ll call you later to confirm it.

7. Run by/ past

Meaning: to show an idea or proposal to that person and ask for their approval or feedback.

Example: That’s an interesting idea. Let’s run it by the boss and see what she thinks
8 .Sign off on

Meaning: to give official approval for it.

Example: The manager signed off on the revised budget for 2015.
9. Branch out

Meaning: to expand or extend one’s interests

Example: The supermarkets have branched out into banking.
10. Break into

Meaning: to enter (with effort or force)

Example: It’s always been his ambition to break into broadcasting.
11. Carry on

Meaning: to continue

Example: He moved to New York to carry on his work
12. Close down

Meaning: to stop operating

Example: The firm has decided to close down its Chicago branch.
13. Look forward to

Meaning: to anticipate with pleasure

Example: We look forward to hearing from you soon.
14. Note down

Meaning: to write something down

Example: Her answers were noted down on the chart.
15. Step down

Meaning: to resign or leave (a position/job)

Example: The chairman was forced to step down due to ill health.
16. Take off

Meaning: to become successful or popular very fast

Example: Her business has really taken off.
17. Take up

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Meaning: to fill a particular amount of space or time

Example: These files take up a lot of disk space.
18. Weigh up

Meaning: to consider

Example: You should weigh up the advantages and disadvantages of each type before buying.
19. Back up

Meaning: to make a copy of information

Example: It’s a good idea to back up your files onto a memory stick.
20. Carry out

Meaning: to do and complete a task

Example: The building work was carried out by a local contractor.
21. Come up

Meaning: to happen or arise

Example: I’m going to have to cancel our meeting – something’s come up.
22. Get on

Meaning: to continue or start doing something

Example: She told us to get on with our work.
23. Keep up with

Meaning: to follow

Example: We try to keep up with what’s happening about finacial news.
24. Set up

Meaning: to start (a business)

Example: The group plans to set up an import business.
25. Go through

Meaning: to experience something bad

Example: We can’t really imagine what our company’s going through.
26. Find out

Meaning: to discover a fact or piece of information

Example: Can you find out what our customers think of their local bus service?
27. Call off

Meaning: to cancel something

Example: With the weather worsening, they have called off their field trip.
28. Call back

Meaning: to telephone someone again

Example: I’ll call you back when I’ve heard something about interview.

29. Deal with

Meaning: to handle (a problem)

Example: I spent the morning dealing with my emails.
30. Drop in

Meaning: to make a short visit somewhere

Example: I will drop in tomorrow morning.
31. Fill out

Meaning: to complete (a form)

Example: It took me several hours to fill out the application form.
32. Hold on

Meaning: to wait

Example: We’ll hold on another minute, then we’ll have to go.
33. Join in

Meaning: to participate

Example: We would be eager to join in projects of that sort.
34. Lay off

Meaning: to fire (staff)

Example: They’ve had to cut back production and lay off workers.
35. Put back

Meaning: to delay or postpone

Example: The meeting has been put back to next week.
36. Run out of

Meaning: to have no more of something

Example: Many companies are running out of money.
37. Sort out

Meaning: to organize or fix

Example: I need to sort out the mess on my desk.
38. Take on

Meaning: to employ (staff)

Example: We’re not taking on any new staff at the moment.
39. Take over

Meaning: to take control of something

Example: IBM is taking over the smaller company.

40. Bail out

Meaning: to rescue somebody from a difficult situation, especially financial problems

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Example: Some local businesses have offered to bail out the museum.
41. Cut back

Meaning: to reduce something

Example: Several major hospitals are cutting back on staff at the moment.
42. Go under

Meaning: to become bankrupt

Example: The firm will go under unless business improves.
43. Fall through

Meaning: if an agreement, plan, sale etc. falls through, it is not completed successfully

Example: The planned purchase of the racecourse fell through.
44. Pull out

Meaning: to move away from something or stop being involved in it

Example: The project became so expensive that we had to pull out.
45. Level off

Meaning: to stop rising or falling and become steady

Example: Inflation has begun to level off.
46. Follow up

Meaning: to continue communicating with someone after an event.

Example: You should follow up your phone call with an email or a letter.
47. Wrap up

Meaning: to finish an event or an activity

Example: Let’s wrap up this meeting so we can go to lunch.

APPENDIX B

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PARTS OF SPEECH

These are the words that you use to make a sentence.

Verbs and Verb Tenses
Action verbs, express what is happening (do, work). State verbs express a situation (be, have).

Nouns
Nouns represent people (teacher, Mary), places (town, Asia) and things (table, music).

Adjectives
An adjective is a word that tells us more about a noun (big, red, expensive).

Adverbs
Adverbs tell us more about verbs, adjectives or adverbs (loudly, really, extremely).

Determiners
Determiners are words like the, an, this that start a noun phrase.

Prepositions
A preposition expresses the relationship of a noun or pronoun to another word (at, in, from).

Pronouns
Pronouns are small words like you, ours, some that can take the place of a noun.

Conjunctions
Conjunctions join two parts of a sentence (and, but, though).

Interjections
Short exclamations with no real grammatical value (ah, dear, er)

APPENDIX C

LIST OF IRREGULAR VERBS

Base form	Past simple	Past participle
arise awake be beat begin bend bet break bring buy build catch choose come cost cut do draw drink drive eat fall feel fight find fit flee forbid get give go grow hang have hear hold hurt keep know leave lead lend let lie lose make mean meet pay put run say see sell send set sit speak spend split spread stand take teach tell think throw understand wear win write	arose awoke was/were beat began bent bet broke brought bought built caught chose came cost cut did drew drank drove ate fell felt fought found fit, fitted fled forbade got gave went grew hung had heard held hurt kept knew left led lent let lay lost made meant met paid put ran said saw sold sent set sat spoke spent split spread stood took taught told thought threw understood wore won wrote	Arisen awoke been beaten begun bent bet broken brought bought built caught chosen come cost cut done drawn drunk driven eaten fallen felt fought found fit,fitted fled forbidden got given gone grown hung had heard held hurt kept known left led lent let lain lost made meant met paid put run said seen sold sent set sat spoken spent split spread stood taken taught told thought thrown understood worn won written

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