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Ex. 9. Find English equivalents in the text:
проходить несколько стадий − _____ | | отношения между судовладельцами | |
| | ||
военно-морской архитектор − _____ | | и проектировщиками − ___________ | |
судно строится на судоверфи − ____ | | судно спускается на воду − _______ | |
суда заканчивают свой срок службы | | спецификация − ________________ | |
многими способами − ____________ | | создать проектную схему − _______ | |
после начального чернового наброс- | | улучшать проект на каждой стадии | |
ка − _____________________ | | − _____________________________ | |
проект более сложных судов − ___ | | включать планировку парусов − ___ | |
длиться от нескольких месяцев − | | _______________________________ | |
_____________________________ | | корпусной материал и размеры | |
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иметь большое значение − ________ | | судна − ________________________ | |
| | ||
строительство начинается с корпуса | | строить по шаблону − ___________ | |
− _____________________________ | | водружение надстройки − ________ | |
когда судно получает официальное | | судно на плаву − _______________ | |
название − _____________________ | | периоды снижения рабочего состоя- | |
основной ремонт выполняется в су- | | ния − _________________________ | |
хом доке − _____________________ | | требовать постоянного обслужива- | |
по мере старения судна − _________ | | ния − _________________________ | |
прочность корпуса подвержена гни- | | осмос и гниль − ________________ | |
ению − ________________________ | | сесть на мель или затонуть в море − | |
искусственный риф − ____________ | | _______________________________ | |
Ex. 10. Fill in the gaps with the words given in the box:
shipyard, plan, lasts, mold, maintenance, biological growths, relationships, construction, layout, specification, welded, painted, launched, blueprints, ceremony, repair, sustained, peculiarities, stages, dimensions, sandblasting, expectancy
-
A ship passes through several _______________ during its career. -
The details of contract to build the ship are widely based on
__________ between the shipowners, operators, designers and the __________.
-
After the vessel is _____________ it goes into service. -
A naval architect creates a project outline according to required
__________ and basic ___________ of spaces and displacement.
-
The designer produces an overall __________ and general _________
describing the __________ of the vessel.
-
The construction __________ are used at the building site. -
The period of ship construction __________ to several years and the
__________ takes place in a shipyard.
-
The hull of fiberglass sailboat is constructed from a __________ while the steel hull of a cargo ship is made of a large units _________ together.
-
The hull assembled and __________, it is launched. -
Ship launching is often a __________ of great significance. -
Constant __________ is needed during the whole ship career. -
Performed operations in drydocks and pierside are suitable for
__________ and conversion.
-
Repair and maintenance include removing __________ on the hull,
___________ and repainting the hull.
-
Ships __________ major damage can be repaired or converted. -
A life __________ of a ship can last between 20 and 100 years.
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Ex. 11. Answer the questions to the text:
-
How many stages does a ship pass through its life? -
What are these phases? -
Where does a ship begin its life? -
What moments does ship’s design include? -
How long does ship’s construction last? -
Need a ship be repaired during its life? -
What is the average period of a ship’s life?
Ex. 13. Enumerate the stages of a ship’s construction. Use the infor-mation from the 3d passage if necessary.
Ex. 14. Constant maintenance during a ship’s career is a rather im-portant stage, isn’t it? Prove it.
Ex. 15. Read passage 5 and say what forces influence ships as they age.
Ex. 16. Group 2-3 students and discuss stages of a ship’s life.
Ex. 17. Make up a report on a ship’s lifecycle.
Unit 14. SHIP POLLUTION
Ex. 1. Active Vocabulary. Read and learn new words:
pollution – загрязнение | | pathogen – болезнетворный организм | |
| | ||
to accelerate – ускорять | | toxin – токсин | |
to pose – предлагать, излагать, | | alteration – изменение | |
принимать вид | | disruption – разрушение | |
threat – угроза | | hormone – гормон | |
diversity – разнообразие | | disorder – расстройство, беспорядок | |
spill – пятно | | cancer – рак | |
devastating – разрушительный | | tumor – опухоль | |
crude – сырой | | exhaust emission – выхлопная эмиссия | |
to contain – содержать | | nitrogen – азот | |
polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon – | | fossil fuel – ископаемое (окаменелое) | |
полицикличный ароматический | | топливо | |
углерод | | sulphur – сера | |
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to expose – подвергать
to exhibit – выставлять
susceptibility – восприимчивость
disease – болезнь
reproductive cycle – цикл воспро-
изведения
sheer – явный, абсолютный stipulation – условие stringent – строгий
approach – подход
to report – представлять отчет, составлять отчет
goal – цель
oversight – надзор
to impact – воздействовать
to track – прослеживать consumption – потребление harmful – вредный, губительный
Ex. 2. Work with international words. Guess the meaning:
problem | | immune | | normal | | nitrogen | |
| | | | ||||
globalization | | atmosphere | | operation | | pollution | |
traffic | | accelerate | | organism | | affect | |
aromatic | | ocean | | genetic | | climate | |
routine | | port | | ballast | | tanker | |
transfer | | toxin | | percent | | fleet | |
Ex. 3. State the part of speech of the words. Translate them. Use a dic-tionary if necessary.
Pollute – pollutant – pollution – antipollution;
glob – global – globalization – globalize – globosity – globular – globule; manage – manageable – management – manager – manageress – managerial; produce – producer – producible – product – production – productivity –
productive – reproductive;
environ – environment – environmental – environmentalist; devastate – devastated – devastating – devastation; emit – emission – emissive;
consume – consumer – consumables – consumption.
Ex. 4. Find pairs of words with the same meaning:
1) to accelerate | | a) | collapse | | | | 1) | navigation | | a) | world | | ||||
| | | | | ||||||||||||
2) disease | | b) | to contain | | | | 2) | diversity | | b) | strict | | ||||
3) sheer | | c) | change | | | | 3) to expose | | c) | variety | | |||||
4) to include | | d) | illness | | | | 4) | spill | | d) | crude | | ||||
5) to destroy | | e) | to wreck | | | | 5) harmful | | e) | to subject | | |||||
6) destruction | | f) | pollution | | | | 6) | raw | | f) | threat | | ||||
7) stipulation | | g) | evident | | | | 7) | global | | g) | spot | | ||||
8) contamination | | h) | condition | | | | 8) stringent | | h) | shipping | | |||||
9) alteration | | i) | to speed up | | | | 9) | menace | | i) | destructive | |
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Ex. 5 Form words with the opposite meaning from the given words with the help of prefixes (see Appendix 5, Table 13):
ab-, dis-, mis-, in-, im-, il-, non-, un
civil − ________ | | health − _______ | | to load − _______ | | order − _______ | |
| | | | ||||
animate − ______ | | mobile − ______ | | to allow − ______ | | to understand − __ | |
tolerant − ______ | | legal − ________ | | conductor − ____ | | connected − ____ | |
measured − _____ | | ability − _______ | | literacy − ______ | | possible − _____ | |
natural − ______ | | balance − ______ | | toxic − ________ | | dimensional − __ | |
freezing − ______ | | perfect − ______ | | date − ________ | | controllable − ___ | |
to infect − _____ | | to charge − _____ | | valid − ________ | | pollution − _____ | |
moral − _______ | | interested − _____ | | to claim − ______ | | smoker − ______ | |
doubted − _____ | | qualified − _____ | | location − _____ | | to connect − ____ | |
sense − ________ | | eatable − _______ | | to mantle − _____ | | employment − __ | |
harmony − _____ | | stop − ________ | | normal − _______ | | limited − _______ | |
known − _______ | | | | | | | |