Файл: Исследование invention.docx

ВУЗ: Не указан

Категория: Не указан

Дисциплина: Не указана

Добавлен: 16.03.2024

Просмотров: 118

Скачиваний: 1

ВНИМАНИЕ! Если данный файл нарушает Ваши авторские права, то обязательно сообщите нам.


Ex. 9. Find English equivalents in the text:


проходить несколько стадий − _____




отношения между судовладельцами










военно-морской архитектор − _____




и проектировщиками − ___________




судно строится на судоверфи − ____




судно спускается на воду − _______




суда заканчивают свой срок службы




спецификация − ________________




многими способами − ____________




создать проектную схему − _______




после начального чернового наброс-




улучшать проект на каждой стадии




ка − _____________________




− _____________________________




проект более сложных судов − ___




включать планировку парусов − ___




длиться от нескольких месяцев −




_______________________________




_____________________________




корпусной материал и размеры








84

иметь большое значение − ________




судна − ________________________










строительство начинается с корпуса




строить по шаблону − ___________




− _____________________________




водружение надстройки − ________




когда судно получает официальное




судно на плаву − _______________




название − _____________________




периоды снижения рабочего состоя-




основной ремонт выполняется в су-




ния − _________________________




хом доке − _____________________




требовать постоянного обслужива-




по мере старения судна − _________




ния − _________________________




прочность корпуса подвержена гни-




осмос и гниль − ________________




ению − ________________________




сесть на мель или затонуть в море −




искусственный риф − ____________




_______________________________






Ex. 10. Fill in the gaps with the words given in the box:



shipyard, plan, lasts, mold, maintenance, biological growths, relationships, construction, layout, specification, welded, painted, launched, blueprints, ceremony, repair, sustained, peculiarities, stages, dimensions, sandblasting, expectancy



  1. A ship passes through several _______________ during its career.

  2. The details of contract to build the ship are widely based on

__________ between the shipowners, operators, designers and the __________.

  1. After the vessel is _____________ it goes into service.

  2. A naval architect creates a project outline according to required

__________ and basic ___________ of spaces and displacement.

  1. The designer produces an overall __________ and general _________

describing the __________ of the vessel.

  1. The construction __________ are used at the building site.

  2. The period of ship construction __________ to several years and the

__________ takes place in a shipyard.

  1. The hull of fiberglass sailboat is constructed from a __________ while the steel hull of a cargo ship is made of a large units _________ together.




  1. The hull assembled and __________, it is launched.

  2. Ship launching is often a __________ of great significance.

  3. Constant __________ is needed during the whole ship career.

  4. Performed operations in drydocks and pierside are suitable for

__________ and conversion.

  1. Repair and maintenance include removing __________ on the hull,

___________ and repainting the hull.

  1. Ships __________ major damage can be repaired or converted.

  2. A life __________ of a ship can last between 20 and 100 years.





85

Ex. 11. Answer the questions to the text:


  1. How many stages does a ship pass through its life?

  2. What are these phases?

  3. Where does a ship begin its life?

  4. What moments does ship’s design include?

  5. How long does ship’s construction last?

  6. Need a ship be repaired during its life?

  7. What is the average period of a ship’s life?


Ex. 12. Read the first passage of the text once more and tell your group-mates about the functions of a naval designer.
Ex. 13. Enumerate the stages of a ship’s construction. Use the infor-mation from the 3d passage if necessary.
Ex. 14. Constant maintenance during a ship’s career is a rather im-portant stage, isn’t it? Prove it.
Ex. 15. Read passage 5 and say what forces influence ships as they age.
Ex. 16. Group 2-3 students and discuss stages of a ship’s life.
Ex. 17. Make up a report on a ship’s lifecycle.



Unit 14. SHIP POLLUTION
Ex. 1. Active Vocabulary. Read and learn new words:


pollution – загрязнение




pathogen – болезнетворный организм










to accelerate – ускорять




toxin – токсин




to pose – предлагать, излагать,




alteration – изменение




принимать вид




disruption – разрушение




threat – угроза




hormone – гормон




diversity – разнообразие




disorder – расстройство, беспорядок




spill – пятно




cancer – рак




devastating – разрушительный




tumor – опухоль




crude – сырой




exhaust emission – выхлопная эмиссия




to contain – содержать




nitrogen – азот




polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon




fossil fuel – ископаемое (окаменелое)




полицикличный ароматический




топливо




углерод




sulphur – сера








86

to expose – подвергать
to exhibit – выставлять

susceptibility – восприимчивость

disease – болезнь

reproductive cycle – цикл воспро-
изведения
sheer – явный, абсолютный stipulation – условие stringent – строгий
approach – подход
to report – представлять отчет, составлять отчет

goal – цель

oversight – надзор

to impact – воздействовать

to track – прослеживать consumption – потребление harmful – вредный, губительный




Ex. 2. Work with international words. Guess the meaning:


problem




immune




normal




nitrogen
















globalization




atmosphere




operation




pollution




traffic




accelerate




organism




affect




aromatic




ocean




genetic




climate




routine




port




ballast




tanker




transfer




toxin




percent




fleet





Ex. 3. State the part of speech of the words. Translate them. Use a dic-tionary if necessary.
Pollute – pollutant – pollution – antipollution;

glob – global – globalization – globalize – globosity – globular – globule; manage – manageable – management – manager – manageress – managerial; produce – producer – producible – product – production – productivity –
productive – reproductive;

environ – environment – environmental – environmentalist; devastate – devastated – devastating – devastation; emit – emission – emissive;

consume – consumer – consumables – consumption.
Ex. 4. Find pairs of words with the same meaning:


1) to accelerate




a)

collapse










1)

navigation




a)

world



















2) disease




b)

to contain










2)

diversity




b)

strict




3) sheer




c)

change










3) to expose




c)

variety




4) to include




d)

illness










4)

spill




d)

crude




5) to destroy




e)

to wreck










5) harmful




e)

to subject




6) destruction




f)

pollution










6)

raw




f)

threat




7) stipulation




g)

evident










7)

global




g)

spot




8) contamination




h)

condition










8) stringent




h)

shipping




9) alteration




i)

to speed up










9)

menace




i)

destructive









87

Ex. 5 Form words with the opposite meaning from the given words with the help of prefixes (see Appendix 5, Table 13):



ab-, dis-, mis-, in-, im-, il-, non-, un



civil − ________




health − _______




to load − _______




order − _______
















animate − ______




mobile − ______




to allow − ______




to understand − __




tolerant − ______




legal − ________




conductor − ____




connected − ____




measured − _____




ability − _______




literacy − ______




possible − _____




natural − ______




balance − ______




toxic − ________




dimensional − __




freezing − ______




perfect − ______




date − ________




controllable − ___




to infect − _____




to charge − _____




valid − ________




pollution − _____




moral − _______




interested − _____




to claim − ______




smoker − ______




doubted − _____




qualified − _____




location − _____




to connect − ____




sense − ________




eatable − _______




to mantle − _____




employment − __




harmony − _____




stop − ________




normal − _______




limited − _______




known − _______