Ex. 19. Make up as many questions as possible to the following sentenc-es (see Appendix 5, Table А5.10):
1. The space between the tank top and the space contains double bottom

tanks.

2. 
   The ship will incline in any direction in the process of loading.
   
3. 
   Last century all vessels had fore location of superstructures.
   

Ex. 20. Answer the questions:

1. 
   What is the main body of a ship called?
   
2. 
   What parts is the hull divided into?
   
3. 
   What is the hull made up of?
   
4. 
   What cargo spaces are there in dry cargo ships?
   
5. 
   What tanks are there in dry cargo ships?
   
6. 
   What are these tanks used for?
   
7. 
   Can these tanks carry the cargo?
   
8. 
   What is superstructure?
   

9. 
   Where is superstructure located on modern ships?
   
10. 
    What cargo handling facilities are there on deck?
    
11. 
    What do we call the forecastle / the poop?
    
12. 
    What is trim/heel?
    

Ex. 21. Render into Russian.

Основные части судна – корпус и надстройки. Передняя часть кор-пуса называется носом. Задняя часть корпуса называется кормой. Корпус состоит из набора и оболочек. Зона между главной палубой, бортами и днищем называется корпусом. Часть корпуса под водой это подводная часть корпуса. Корпус делиться на ряд водонепроницаемых отсеков палу-бами и переборками. Переборки это вертикальные стальные стенки, иду-щие вдоль и поперек судна. В корпусе располагаются моторное отделение, грузовые отсеки и ряд резервуаров. Цистерны используются для пресной воды или топлива. Надстройки в современных кораблях находятся в кор-мовой части судна. На палубе размещаются краны, грузовые стрелы и ле-бедки для обработки груза.

	Ex. 22. The crossword.
		1	2
													3
4						5	6
					7
8
														9			10
			11
12
												13
14					15
			16
												17			18
19
			20							21

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	Across:		Down:
1.	Ахтерштевень (9).	2.	Твиндек (9).
4.	Борт (4).	3.	Палуба (4).
5.	Ахтерпик (9).	4.	Корма (5).
7.	Форпик (7).	6.	Бак (10).
8.	Руль (6).	7.	Шпангоут, корпус (5).
9.	Море (3).	9.	Форштевень (4).
11.	Отсек (11).	10.	Якорь (6).
12.	Танк, резервуар (4).	12.	Дифферент (4).
14.	Лед (3).	13.	Отметка, марка (4).
15.	Переборка (8).	15.	Бимс, ширина (4).
17.	Киль (4).	16.	Люк (5).
19.	Днище (6).	18.	Найтовый (4).
20.	Трюм (4).	19.	Нос (3).

21. 
    Причал (5).
    

Ex. 23. Make up dialogues about parts of a ship.
Ex. 24. Summarize all the information from the text about a ship’s ar-chitecture and give a general description of a ship.

Unit 4. HOLDS AND HATCHES
Ex. 1. Асtive Vocabulary. Read and learn words and word-combinations:

---

to hatch – hatch – hatcher – hatchet – hatchment – hatchway;

plate – to plate – plateau – plateful – platelayer – plate-mark – platen – plater – plate-rack – platform – plating – platinize – platinoid – platinum – plati-tude – platitudinous – platter – platypus;

sheath – to sheathe – sheathing;

angle – to angle – angler – angleworm – angular – angularity – triangle – triangular – quadrangle – quadrangular – rectangle – rectangular.
Ex. 3. Make up as many words as possible combining two of them.
Translate them.

port		star		amid		post		bone		breaking
ship		after		smoke		ships		wright		home
water		row		back		yard		most		line
super		tank		war		tight		structure		building
bulk		fore		tumble		top		board		repair
gun		free		stack		boat		powder		man
watch		stern		head		castle		beam		sea
athwart		rear		peak		way		side		fare

---

Ex. 4. Match the definition with the words given in the box:



afterpeak, hold, beam, hatch cover, bottom, hatch coaming, bow, hatch, bridge, framing, bulkhead, frame, compartment, forepeak, deck, stern, forecastle, double bottom, plating, tweendeck, poop, sternpost, side, stem

1. 
   The forward end of the hull is called __________.
   
2. 
   The after end of the hull is called ____________.
   
3. 
   The lowermost part of the hull is called __________.
   
4. 
   The topping part of the hull is called ___________.
   
5. 
   The wall of the hull is called ___________.
   
6. 
   The hull’s shell is called ___________.
   
7. 
   The system of beams, girders and frame is called ___________.
   
8. 
   The vertical watertight wall is called ___________.
   
9. 
   The superstructure erected at the forward end of the ship is called ___.
   
10. 
    The superstructure erected at the after end of the ship is called _____.
    
11. 
    The superstructure erected about amidships is called __________.
    
12. 
    The space in the hull restricted by bulkheads is called __________.
    
13. 
    Openings in the deck passage of cargo are called __________.
    
14. 
    The iron rim around a hatch is called __________.
    
15. 
    The plate which covers a hatch is called __________.
    
16. 
    Cargo storage areas are called __________.
    

17. 
    Decks fitted in the cargo holds are called __________. The space be-tween two decks is also called __________.
    

17. 
    The foremost compartment is called __________.
    
18. 
    The transverse girders stiffening the deck plating are called deck
    

_________________________.

17. 
    The transverse girders stiffening the side plating are called side
    

______________________.
Ex. 5. Read the text “HOLDS AND HATCHES”.
HOLDS AND HATCHES
1. Holds
The inner space of a ship between the limber boards of a double bottom and the decks is designed for carrying cargoes. This space is called a hold.
Holds have different capacity. Big vessels have cargo holds divided into several separate compartments by watertight bulkheads. Each dry cargo vessel has four or five holds. The holds have bilges which serve to give way for drain-age the water¹ which may condensate on metal bulkheads or collect on wooden floorings. The water collected in the bilges is pumped out by a hold pump. To protect the bilges from corrosion they are covered with cement or special anti-corrosion substance, besides they are protected by limber boards. The double bottom is covered with removable wooden flooring. Cargo battens or ‘spar ceil-ing’ as they are often called, comprises portable wooden battens fitted to the in-ner edges of the frames and so from sheathing to the ship’s side.
Spar ceiling is made up of boards and arranged either horizontally or ver-tically between frames. The purpose of this wooden sheathing is to prevent packages of cargo from damage by moisture which may collect on the side of the ship. The space so formed between the spar ceiling and the ship’s side helps to provide a complete air space around the cargo and thereby improves ventila-tion. The spar ceiling should always be kept in a good state.
2. Hatches
Each hold has a hatchway. The hatchway is a rectangular opening in the ship’s deck. The vertical plating around the hatchway is called hatchway coam-ing. When the cargo work is over, it is necessary to cover the ship’s hatches. Hatches should be covered with special covering systems. Despite the covering system used² the hatch beams should be fitted into sockets riveted to the inner side of coamings³.
The hatch beams serve to support the hatch covers. Quick operating hatch covers permit the opening or closing of covers in as little time as two minutes per hatch⁴. Some types of hatch covers are formed of hinged sections in one or

---

several pairs and are especially suitable to big hatchways. The hinged sections are stowed at the ends of the hatchway. Where space is restricted at the hatch ends a side rolling system is used athwartships from the holds.

The use of the modern form of hatch coverings has the following ad-vantages: quick working reduced cargo handling time better use of the space elimination of damage due to the presence of coamings. After finishing loading and before leaving the port, it is compulsory to cover the hatches with tarpaulins to ensure water tightness.
Notes to the text:

1. 
   to give way for drainage the water – зд. обеспечиватьсток;
   
2. 
   despite the covering system used – независимо от применяющихся систем за-
   

крытия;

3. 
   the hatch beams should be fitted into sockets riveted to the inner side of coamings –
   

зд. бимсы должны вставляться в пазы, прикрепленные к внутренней части комингсов;

4. 
   as little time as two minutes per hatch – толькодвеминутыналюк.
   

Ex. 6. Translate the following words and word-combinations. Make up sentences with them.

hold − _________________________		hatch − ________________________
space − ________________________		limber board − __________________
bilge − ________________________		compartment − __________________
bulkhead − _____________________		to condensate − __________________
to collect − _____________________		to pump out − ___________________
wooden flooring − _______________		battens − _______________________
spar ceiling − ___________________		hatchway − _____________________
coaming − ______________________		to cover − ______________________
to support − ____________________		to permit − _____________________
damage − ______________________		per − __________________________
the inner space − ________________		to be designed for collecting water −
quick operating system − __________		_______________________________
_______________________________		a separate compartment − __________
to ensure water tightness − _________		to pump out water − ______________
to be divided by watertight bulkheads		to protect by limber boards − _______
− _____________________________		a removable wooden battens − ______
to prevent damage − ______________		_______________________________
to support the hatch covers − _______		hatchway coamings − _____________
_______________________________		_______________________________

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