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(he) is reported to
is believed to is considered to... is thought to... is understood to...
is expected to... is alleged to... is heard to... is seen to... is felt to... seems to... appears to... is likely to...
is unlikely to... happens (happened) to... is sure (certain)
представляет собой неопределенно-личное предложение типа: говорят, сообщают, известно и т. д., придаточное дополнительное вводится союзами что и как.
The delegation is reported to have left for London. Сообщают, что делегация выехала в Лондон.
2) Если эта конструкция употреблена в придаточном предложе
нии (обычно в определительном придаточном) или в причастном
обороте, то неопределенно-личное предложение в переводе обычно
выступает в роли вводного предложения.
A move which he is expected to make is an attempt to come to a mutually-beneficial agreement. Шаги, которые, как предполагают, он собирается предпринять, являются попыткой прийти к взаимовыгодному соглашению.
The Foreign Ministers of the European Union countries will take part in talks expected to take place early in April. Министры иностранных дел стран Европейского Союза примут участие в переговорах, которые, как ожидается, будут иметь место (состоятся) в начале апреля.
3) В отдельных случаях конструкция «именительный с инфини
тивом» может переводиться простым предложением.
Much greater economic tasks were seen to lie ahead. Предстояли значительно более важные экономические задачи.
4) Если в английском предложении сказуемое главного предло
жения стоит в отрицательной форме, то при переводе на русский
язык отрицание часто переносится в придаточное предложение.
The preliminary talks are not expected to last more than two weeks. Ожидается, что предварительные переговоры продлятся не больше двух недель.
Сказуемое может быть выражено сочетанием модального глагола с инфинитивом. При переводе оно передается неопределенно-личным предложением с модальным значением можно ожидать, следует считать и т. п.
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The settlement may be considered to be of primary importance to the industries concerned. Можно считать,
что это решение (урегулирование) имеет решающее значение для тех отраслей промышленности, которых оно касается.
6) Обратите внимание на перевод следующих слов в конструкции «именительный с инфинитивом»:
передают/сообщают (сообщается), что (он)...; утверждают, что (якобы) полагают/считают, что (он)... считают/считается, что... считают/думают, что...
по имеющимся сведениям (он)...; считают/считается, что...; по существующей договоренности/согласно договоренности... ожидается/предполагается, что (он)... говорят/считают, что (он) якобы... имеются сведения, что (он)... считается/рассматривается/рассматривают, что... считают, что... кажется, что... по-видимому, (он)...
по-видимому/похоже на то, что...; по всей вероятности/вероятно...
маловероятно, чтобы...; едва ли/вряд ли... случайно (он)...; случилось так, что...
(он) обязательно/наверняка/определенно...
Примечание. 1. После слов likely (unlikely), sure, certain действие, выраженное инфинитивом, обычно относится к будущему времени.
The economic problems facing France are certain to have strong repercussions. Стоящие перед Францией экономические трудности наверняка будут иметь серьезные последствия.
2. Если после глаголов to seem и to appear глагол-связка to be перед существительным или прилагательным опускается, то глаголы to seem и to appear имеют значение выглядеть, производить впечатление.
Не seemsastonished. Он выглядит удивленным.
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3. Глагол to suppose может также иметь значение полагаться. Не is supposed to have it. Ему полагается иметь это.
2. Объектно-предикативный инфинитивный оборот (конструкция «винительный с инфинитивом»).
1) Предложение с этим оборотом переводится сложноподчиненным предложением с придаточным дополнительным предложением, вводимым союзами что, чтобы, как.
If the Government expected the tenants to take the increase lying down, they were very much mistaken. Если правительство рассчитывало, что квартиросъемщики спокойно отнесутся к повышению квартирной платы, оно сильно ошибалось.
Примечание. 1. После глаголов to declare, to consider и to find глагол-связка to be в объектном инфинитивном обороте иногда опускается.
2. Глаголы to hear, to see в сочетании с этим оборотом выражают физи
ческое восприятие и имеют значения: слышать, как; видеть, как (а не пере
носное значение: слышать, что = узнавать; (у)видетъ, что-понимать за
мечать).
They heard him deny it. Они слышали, как он отрицал это.
-
После глаголов, выражающих физическое восприятие: to watch, to
notice, to see и т. д., этот оборот обычно переводится придаточным предло
жением, вводимым союзом как. если это не противоречит нормам русского
языка в отношении данных слов. Так, глагол заметить обычно требует по
сле себя союза что, а не как (Он заметил, что...). -
Глаголы, требующие после себя предложное дополнение: to wait for,
to rely on и др., сохраняют этот предлог перед объектным инфинитивным
оборотом. При переводе на русский язык придаточное предложение вводит
ся словами чтобы; то, что...
The UN Security Council is waiting for that country to make a decision. Совет Безопасности ООН ждет, чтобы эта страна приняла решение (пока эта страна примет решение).
5. Глагол to get с объектным инфинитивным оборотом имеет значение
заставлять.
This story was told to get him go to the police station. Эту историю рассказали, чтобы заставить его отправиться в полицейский участок.
3. Инфинитивный комплекс (for + имя + инфинитив) может
выполнять в предложении различные функции и переводится на
русский язык, как правило, придаточным предложением, вводимым
союзами что, чтобы.
Present plans are for the Prime Minister to make a statement in the first part of next week. В настоящий момент планы состоят в том, чтобы премьер-министр выступил с заявлением до следующей среды (не позже чем в следующую среду).
The first thing for us to do... Первое, что мы должны сделать...
Иногда инфинитивный комплекс может переводиться инфинитивом или существительным в дательном падеже с инфинитивом.
This is no place for us to attempt to throw a strong light on the darkest page of British history. Неуместно пытаться здесь (на этих страницах) пролить яркий, свет на одну из самых мрачных страниц истории Англии.
It is not for us to decide. He нам это решать.
4. Независимая номинативная конструкция (существительное +
инфинитив) стоит в конце предложения и отделяется запятой. Она
передает сопутствующее обстоятельство с модальным значением
долженствования. На русский язык переводится предложением, вво
димым союзом причем. В газетном тексте встречается довольно редко.
The sellers offered the buyers 5,000 tons of oil, delivery to be made in October. Поставщики предложили покупателям 5.000 тонн нефти, причем поставка должна быть произведена в октябре (которые могут быть поставлены...).
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 ... 26
fe:
Проанализируйте и переведите следующие предложения.
-
The International Court of Justice is expected to play an increas
ingly important role in facilitating the peaceful settlement of international
legal disputes. -
German nuclear plant operators will be expected to use the time to
work out deals to cancel contracts worth millions with reprocessing cen
ters in France and Britain.
* « Имя» употреблено здесь в грамматическом значении, т.е. имя существительное, местоимение или субстантивированное прилагательное.
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-
The discussion is expected to focus on four broad subjects: raw
materials and world trade, food supplies and agriculture, prospection,
production and consumption of energy, and international financial and
monetary problems. -
Apart from trade, the US President will focus on restructuring the
US Social Security system. He is likely to enunciate principle to guide re
forms, but not offer a specific plan. At the same time, he is expected to
propose using part of the budget surplus to start small, individually con
trolled savings accounts to which both workers and government would
make contributions. -
The U.S.Federal Reserve Chairman noted that the pace of economic
growth in the U.S. is «widely expected to moderate» this year, which the
Fed would welcome. -
While offering no proposal of its own on how to salvage the current
arms-inspection system carried by the UN Special Commission in Iraq,
the American delegation is expected to oppose monitoring methods that
do not allow surprise inspections. -
The Home Secretary is expected to make a statement next week on
the validity of the practice of allowing outside observers, photographers,
and television cameramen to be present at the counting of the votes at a
parliamentary election. -
Treasury sources yesterday confirmed that the next 10-year deal
over the monarchy's government funding was expected to be significantly
lower than the current annual increase, agreed under the last Conservative
government. -
Domestically, the debt-ridden and poorly managed state-sector of
China is expected to continue to drag down the consumption.
-
«...no government has ever backed demands for greater efficiency
with any sort of clear statement of what exactly the police service is sup
posed to achieve», a police official stated yesterday. -
Roads have been built, and by next year every village in Egypt
(though not every hamlet) is supposed to have electricity laid on. -
Foreign secretaries can be useful of course. They are supposed to
manage public opinion. They have to keep the House of Commons on
side. -
The US trade representative is said to have reported, in detail, on
the latest developments to the EU trade commissioner who plans to visit
Beijing for talks on its WTO application next month. -
True, the euro-group is likely to grow relatively strongly next year.
But European financial markets have already been badly buffeted.
-
The US parliamentary revolt against the European Commission
was unlikely to get the two-thirds vote needed to succeed. -
The cutback in housing programmes has been so sharp that the
national campaign for the homeless reports that in the next two years no
families are likely to be rehoused from the waiting list at all. -
The Turkish economy, which had been growing at an average rate
above 6 percent for the past four years, slowed and is likely to expand by
only 2 percent this year. -
Combine ethnic tensions on the fringes of the Chinese empire with
regional tensions along the coast and you have good reason to believe that
China is more likely to disintegrate than is commonly believed. -
The report says that it appears that the building industry is unlikely
to be reformed from within and that some form of compulsion will be
necessary if reasonable standards of construction and finish are to be se
cured and jerry-building discouraged. -
No one will refuse to pay less tax, but if they think that by this
means they will bribe the electors to vote for them in large numbers, they
are likely to be disappointed, -
The euro is likely to join the dollar as a reserve currency held by
central banks around the world, perhaps leading some banks to sell dol
lars and thereby reduce the value of the American currency. -
The present fine spell is likely to be brief predicted the meteoro
logical office last night in its long-range weather forecast. -
Decontrol alone does not constitute an adequate oil policy. It is not
likely to protect the economy against temporary shortages. Nor will it sig
nificantly reduce dependence on foreign oil imports in the long term. -
Petty nations and their petty national demands are thought to be
pointless at best; divisive and self-destructive at worst. -
The epitome of Tory sleaze was Neil Hamilton, a backbench MP
who was alleged to have taken a few thousand pounds to ask some ques
tions in parliament. -
Another intricate problem likely to be reintroduced with the help
of a subtle change of name is the problem of medium range ballistic mis
siles. -
The three parties likely to take part in a coalition are the Republi
can People's Party, the Justice Party, and the New Turkey Party. -
The Minister of Economic Affairs referred today to the statement
reported to have been made by the Foreign Secretary on Friday. -
About 60 people were yesterday reported to have been arrested on
subversion charges.
IS
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-
The remark, reported to have been made after the announcement
of his appointment to London, was widely commented on in the press. -
The strike, called by the region's main political parties and labor
unions, appeared to be one of the largest yet in the troubled provinces. -
While party leaders still say they support the goals of the program,
and promise that it will receive expeditious consideration on Capitol Hill,
Democratic anger at many of the proposals appears to be mounting daily. -
Turnout at the nation's 50.000 polling stations appeared to be
heavy. -
The Bank of England appeared to back off from threats of even
more interest rate increases as the slowdown in the economy intensifies. -
An official investigating the bribery allegations said payments
made by local Olympic officials to members of the IOC appeared to have
come from the privately funded budget. -
Just a few years ago, Aum's organization appeared to be wiped
out. After the cult masterminded a nerve gas attack that killed 12 people
in Tokyo's subway, the Japanese authorities arrested 428 of its members. -
Win or lose, the EU Commission appeared likely to emerge weak
ened from its battle with the Parliament over charges of graft, cronyism
and mismanagement of EU's 85 billion euro ($ 739 billion) budget. -
Politics is a rough old trade, as Michael Howard, the former home
secretary is finding out. A leading contender for the Tory leadership until
this week, his campaign now appears to have been fatally damaged by
the claim of one of his junior ministers at the Home Office that he misled
the Commons. -
Hydrocarbons (oil) and political volatility seem to go together. -
Disenchantment with the President appears to be growing. The
political scene has been transformed in the past two months to the point
where people are openly talking of the possibility: (1) that the President
will not seek re-election; and (2) that he might be beaten if he runs. -
Europe seems to be slowing down faster than most people ex
pected. -
The most laudable aim of the Maastricht treaty was to knock the
Union's machinery into shape to cope with the club's expected new
members from Eastern Europe. Yet on most counts the treaty seems likely
to prove disappointing. -
A group of experts seemed to have solved a dispute about putting
workers on boards that has for 25 years blocked a proposed European
company statute. -
Spanish authorities have confiscated copies of last month's edition
of «Working Youth». No reason for the action was given, but it was be-
lieved to have resulted from an article discussing sackings in a Madrid motor factory.
-
France had what was believed to be its coldest Christmas for 83
years, and in the Jura Mountains the temperature dropped to minus 28
degrees Centigrade. -
In Zurich there was a scramble to buy marks and the Federal Bank
in Bonn was believed to have bought up to 500 million dollars to prevent
the mark going through its official « dollar ceiling». -
The meeting, which lasted just over half an hour, is understood to
have taken place at the Prime Minister's request. -
A Tory MP threatens to name a high-ranking diplomat mentioned
as a «senior civil servant)) in the trial which ended last week. He is un
derstood to have held top posts in defence and at one time served in Berlin. -
Japan's prime minister, is said to have taken bribes in return for
favours to Nomura, Japan's biggest securities firm. -
U.S. officials were said to consider that uncertainty was bound to
continue unless some drastic measures were taken. -
Kyoto, the ancient capital of Japan, may be said to have been the
birthplace of the first properly organized attempt at a general system of
academic instruction in Japan. -
In matters of sleaze and waste, the EU parliament is commonly
said to possess within its own ranks a concentration of practical expertise
rivalling any on earth. -
The Secretary of State was said to have demanded written ground
rules laying out foreign policy authority in the administration.
-
The meeting which was said to have lasted several hours on
Thursday night, was confirmed Saturday. However, little more than the
fact that it had taken place was revealed in the apparently coordinated
statements provided by foreign policy spokesmen in the three countries
involved. -
Turkey's rulers were said to fear that expulsion from the Council
of Europe might make it more difficult to obtain necessary economic
credits and aid. -
The Titan 4A rocket was said to be carrying an eavesdropping
satellite that would have listened in on military and government commu
nications over the Middle East, India, Pakistan and China, -
There are said to be indications that unless « new information» is
obtained, the proof is unlikely to uncover sufficient evidence for legal action. -
The police arrested a man who is stated to have been trying to sell
the miniature and is said to have confessed to having stolen it. He is
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stated to have kepi it for more than two years in the hope that the theft would be forgotten.
-
His detention without trial is claimed to have been a violation of
the European Convention of Human Rights. -
The experts were felt to have little hope of reducing the differ
ences even if an attempt were made to bring the two parties together. -
Mexico's worst mine disaster, which is feared to have killed 177
men, claimed another victim today when a distraught relative of a trapped
miner ran into the gas-filled pit. -
The warnings are now shown to have been fully justified: thou
sands of workers will get the sack. -
When the Bill reaches Tory peers next week they will either reject
it or amend it in a manner certain to be unacceptable to the Government. -
The German Chancellor is known to feel that Germany has main
tained a high level of security spending while many smaller European
governments are cutting back their security contributions. -
The shadow cabinet, most of it strongly opposed to the Brighton
decisions, is certain to be granted full weight for its views, and back
benchers will be invited to serve on the sub-committees of the inquiry
dealing with the various fields it is investigating. -
Previously, scholars had believed that the forbidding interior of
Chukotka was uninhabited in those ancient times. Chukotka, the area di
rectly across the Bering Strait from Alaska, was found to have a number
of sites in its interior which were excavated by the Russian archaeolo
gists.
They found a wealth of different types of stone tools and weapons at the sites, including arrowheads, knives and scrapers.
67. Jt was unbearable to hear this man speak of friendship with Britain
as if nothing of importance had happened.
-
About 1 million farmers flooded the capital to hear the prime
minister caution them against pressing for more government aid at the
expense of the rest of the country. -
Some Western officials expected the toughest negotiations on dis
tribution of powers to be left until the very end of the talks. -
The Premier said he expected other delegations to support the
draft resolution before it was debated and voted upon in the General As
sembly.
71^ The analysts expect the next government in Turkey to continue policy reforms and drive down real interest rates.
72. The rapidity with which people are arming themselves with tear gas worries a number of law enforcement officials. Some officials say
