failed to gain agreement from his partners.

29

4,;After spending most of the post-war era close to the nest, European women — and especially mothers — are taking jobs in record numbers.

5. 
   On arriving at London Airport from the UN Security Council
   meeting, the Foreign Secretary said that he thought a practical and effec­
   tive resolution would emerge as a result of his talks with African Com­
   monwealth delegates.
   
6. 
   The national governments will have to stop behaving like pigs at a
   trough, not just in haggling over cash but also informing and guiding the
   EU Commission itself.
   
7. 
   The President's « kitchen cabinet» of wealthy advisers, which gave
   him his start in politics and has played a crucial role in shaping his ad­
   ministration, has disbanded after a controversy over fund raising.
   
8. 
   In regulating family relations and sexual morality, political democ­
   racies may adopt restrictive or permissive policies regarding divorce,
   abortion, and pornography.
   
9. 
   He insisted that France was as interested as anyone in bringing the
   budget and agricultural spending in the EU under control.
   

10. 
    Ms. Dunn, has long been seen as one of the Republicans' best
    hopes for broadening their appeal to women, and that is one of the argu­
    ments she makes in campaigning to be the majority leader.
    
11. 
    The US President is able to increase support for his policy by ex­
    plaining it energetically.
    
12. 
    The constitution [of France] qualifies many of the president's
    powers by stipulating that the government should «determine and con­
    duct national policy» and by making the prime minister «responsible for
    national defence».
    
13. 
    By failing to agree upon any substantial reform of the Common
    agricultural policy (CAP), the heads of government have guaranteed that
    little progress will be made in any world trade talks. They have also made
    it unlikely that they will keep their own promise of capping spending at
    the current level in real terms.
    
14. 
    By putting off the party elections, the Prime Minister will effec­
    tively prevent dissidents in the party from mounting an internal challenge
    to him before general elections.
    
15. 
    Only by bringing tough measures to control spending, including
    the runaway cost of farm subsidies, can the EU hope to create the condi­
    tions to accept members from Eastern and Central Europe.
    
16. 
    The IMF keeps itself in business by winkling money out of rich
    nations such as the US and handling it out to poorer brethren, who usu­
    ally are poor because of gross economic mismanagement.
    

30

17. 
    The opposition Labor Party accused the ruling Israeli government
    oj abusing the state broadcasting authority by masking party propaganda
    on television as an emergency government announcement.
    
18. 
    By not losing sight of the long-term objectives they made them­
    selves masters and not servants or victims of economic forces operating
    in the world.
    
19. 
    The first lesson, surely, is that the successive Governments added
    greatly to the public anxiety by declining for so long to give reasonable
    information to Parliament and the people.
    
20. 
    There is still time to let every new MP know what the British peo­
    ple want. It can be done by sending resolutions from trade unions and
    other organizations, and by sending deputations to MPs.
    
21. 
    They expect that the Prime Minister will try to suppress criticism
    by pleading that matters are at a delicate stage.
    
22. 
    « Time» journalism began by being deeply interested in people, as
    individuals who were making history. We tried to make our readers see
    and hear and even smell these people as part of a better understanding of
    their ideas— or lack of them.
    
23. 
    By agreeing to an Italian proposal that this question be turned over
    to a committee of U.N. member states for study, the United States lured a
    number of wavering countries away from the Canadian position.
    
24. 
    Meanwhile the people and their representatives did what they were
    told without even the privilege of being informed of the decisions taken
    by their leaders.
    
25. 
    European fund-management companies are obsessed with growing
    their asset bases by entering new markets or raising their profiles in ones
    where they already do business.
    
26. 
    The Fed chairman's carefully worded comments about the stock
    market drew few questions from committee members. They were preoc­
    cupied with trying to get him to take sides in the looming battle between
    the President and Congressional Republicans over Social Security, the
    federal budget surplus and tax cuts.
    
27. 
    Out west, where a motorist may travel 100 miles without seeing
    another car, nine states will immediately jump to at least 70 mph.
    
28. 
    A new anti-monopoly law could bring more competition to a few
    industries. Similar efforts would help curb the conglomerates without
    creating new government-sponsored outfits to replace them.
    
29. 
    The United States, seeking to ease the plight of the Cuban people
    without strengthening its government, will allow a greatly expanded flow
    of cash donations to Cuba, authorize food sales and permit easier travel to
    the Carribean island, the US President announced Tuesday.
    

---

31

---

56. 
    There are countries who would be ready to sign agreements with
    the developing nations for training some of their people over the next
    five, ten years.
    
57. 
    It is nonsense for its supporters to claim that the present policy is a
    success. It has succeeded in increasing the number out of work, and in
    reducing production.
    
58. 
    The report also wants to stop newspapers and broadcast from pub­
    lishing a public opinion poll on the likely result of a parliamentary elec­
    tion during the 72 hours before the poll closes.
    

59. 
    Containment has been successful so far in keeping Saddam
    Hussein from posing a military threat to neighboring countries. But of
    course the policy has bee» successful only to an uncertain degree in de­
    nying him the means to build weapons of mass destruction, and it has not
    been successful at all in accomplishing the one policy goal that counts the
    most: his departure from power and his replacement by a government that
    owes its authority to the Iraqi people.
    
60. 
    Welfare benefits are now several times higher in generous states,
    such as Vermont, than they are in places like Wisconsin. Wisconsinians
    take pride in shortening their welfare rolls and seeing those who were
    previously dependent doing a proper job.
    
61. 
    Throwing a rope around Brazil's huge budget deficit — now
    thought to be approaching 9% of national output — is the key to con­
    taining further currency erosion.
    

59. 
    Avoiding a death sentence depends a lot on having a good lawyer.
    

59. 
    The European Parliament is set to begin debating amendments to
    legislation that would impose a 20% withholding tax on income from
    savings and certain bonds.
    
60. 
    Far from doing anything to reduce the number of jobless, the
    Government is planning to throw more out of work with its rail and^pif
    closures.
    
61. 
    Far from helping the low-paid the Prime Minister has hit them
    hardest of all.
    
62. 
    By and large, Mr.Blair seems not merely to accept his economic
    inheritance, but to welcome it. Indeed, far from wanting to turn back the
    clock, Mr.Blair says that he wants to speed it up. «Modernization» is his
    motto.
    
63. 
    There are three main reasons why the markets are so bullish about
    state banks. First, buying bank shares is the easiest way to profit from the
    overall expansion of India's economy.
    
64. 
    Yet the way men define their role has remained remarkably con­
    sistent. Surveys show that being a good provider is at the top of the list.
    

34

69. 
    Talking is better than trading threats, something the two have done
    all too frequently in recent months.
    
70. 
    How splendid if European commission appointments depended on
    merit and not on nationality. But spoils-sharing is so far the iron law of
    international organisations.
    
71. 
    Giving Taiwan's unofficial offices more access to officials, and
    perhaps allowing Taiwanese visa-free travel to Asian countries, would be
    seen as friendly gestures.
    
72. 
    In the large-scale political democracy of nation state, or city, citi­
    zens participate in the political process in many ways other than through
    voting, but voting is the central act in influencing policy formation.
    
73. 
    Concentrating resources in specialist hospitals is essential if health
    care is to be rationalised and savings made, according to the King's Fund,
    an independent research organization.
    
74. 
    The TV viewers may not have votes in the Republican conference,
    but looking good on television sends a post-election message to their col­
    leagues that the time has come to pick leaders with a wider appeal to the
    public than Messrs Gingrich and Armey have ever had.
    
75. 
    Government borrowing [in Ireland] was so badly out of control in
    the ten previous years that public debt soared from 65% of national in­
    come to nearly 120% (exceeded in Europe only by Belgium). Today bor­
    rowing has fallen to almost nothing.
    
76. 
    Privatising social spending [in Texas] could enrich big business at
    the expense of widows and orphans. This argument would be more con­
    vincing if public sector employees were really so high-minded, and did
    not often care more about keeping their own jobs than helping the poor.
    

---

II. Герундиальный комплекс

Сочетание герундия с существительным в притяжательном или общем падеже, притяжательным местоимением, личным местоиме­нием в косвенном падеже или группой слов, которые являются субъектом действия, выраженного герундием, составляет единое це­лое и может выступать в качестве члена предложения в тех же функциях, что и герундий. Герундиальный комплекс переводится на русский язык придаточным предложением, вводимым словами то, что...; тот факт, что...; (с тем) чтобы...; после того как..., что... и др.

We look forward to much attention being given to this question. Мы рассчитываем на то, что этому вопросу будет уделено большое внимание.

35

Трудность, связанная с переводом герундиального комплекса, за­ключается главным образом в том, что если его субъект выражен существительным, то его можно принять за сочетание существи­тельного с причастием. Синтаксический анализ предложения, в ча­стности определение функции формы на -ing, и контекст предложе­ния позволяют точно установить, является ли данное слово герунди­ем или причастием.

When the conference of Foreign Ministers' deputies was subsequently held, the new formula was used by the Americans to prevent an agreed agenda being drawn up. Когда впоследствии со­стоялась конференция заместителей министров иностранных дел, эта новая формула использовалась американцами, чтобы поме­шать выработке согласованной повестки дня.

Если считать, что being drawn up является причастием в функ­ции определения, то следовало бы перевести это следующим обра­зом: «...использовалась американцами, чтобы помешать согласован­ной повестке, которая в тот момент вырабатывалась», что явно лишено смысла.

Проанализируйте и переведите следующие предложения.

1. 
   Despite much angry and sometimes ignorant talk about Japanese
   burying their guilty secrets, there is a great deal of Japanese literature that
   deals honestly with the war.
   
2. 
   The scandal has resulted in the local station chief of America's CIA
   giving warning that America might stop sharing intelligence with South
   Korea. |
   
3. 
   The U.S. State Department faulted the Muslim fundamentalist fac­
   tion known as the Talebanyor publicly beating women for not being ac­
   companied by a close male relative.
   
4. 
   Nominal sovereignty is no longer the valuable commodity it once
   was, and independence may actually lead to people having less control
   over decisions that crucially affect them.
   

---

5. 
   Foreign exchange analysts, despite all the fanfare and pep talk
   about the United States reasserting its leading role as a bastion of free
   enterprise, remain extremely skeptical that the dollar's strength can be
   sustained without the support of high interest rates.
   
6. 
   With consumer prices in the euro area only 1% higher than they
   were a year ago, there is little risk of currency depreciation causing a
   dangerous surge in inflation.
   

36
R7. The next bad step will be to say that the WTOV test is wrong: in-_Mead of the importer having to prove that a product is dangerous, let the exporter show that it is safe.

8. The continued success of voluntary mass vaccination depends on
governments providing accurate information about the risks and benefits.

9. The Europeans suspect the Americans of cheating on the deal by
funneling indirect subsidies to Boeing, in contravention of the agreement
to limit subsidies to 30% of a project's cost.

10. The supremacy of EU law over national law is also implicit in the
treaties. Nor could the court's powers be repatriated by Britain or anyone
else, without a country leaving the Union altogether.

11. The unions sought discussions with the company on supervisory
grade matters, about which no understanding agreement existed with the
unions, and insisted on shop-floor employees being present during these
discussions.

12. Those trade unionists who believed the propaganda about the
freeze benefiting the lower-paid workers got a shock just before Christ­
mas, when agreements affecting farm workers and shop assistants were
referred to the Prices and Incomes Board.

13. France is the largest contributor to the offensive after the US and
is fully committed to success. Yet at the same time politicians on both the
left and right are profoundly wary of France being so closely involved in
a military venture that is US dominated and orchestrated through NATO.

14. But if this experiment fails then it is obvious that, far from there
being an improvement in the standards of life of the British people, there
will be a steady diminution.

15. 
    Jobs and living standards depend on the industrial capacity of the
    nation being used to the full.
    
16. 
    The drift in the EU towards virtue should mean a better deal for
    taxpayers, and a more efficient commission, even if the spectacle of the
    European parliament seizing the high moral ground takes some getting
    used to.
    
17. 
    America is still a place where most people react to seeing a man in
    a Ferrari by redoubling their own efforts to be able to afford one, rather
    than by trying to let down his tyres. Great wealth is generally seen as the
    by product of cool ideas being put into practice.
    

18. It is not the critics of the Minister of Economy who are cynical.
That is a word which could be more accurately applied to a Minister who

W TO — Word Trade Organisation

37

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