22

that they expect the disabling spray to be used increasingly by criminals bent on robbery, rape or assault.

73. 
    At the opening, OPEC's public information director told the jour­
    nalists: « We don't want to manipulate you, but we need you, the media,
    to help us get our message across to the man in the street.»
    
74. 
    A private fund-raising group headed by close friends of the new
    president may disband following a published report that it used «strong-
    arm tactics» to get corporations to contribute $50,000 each for a televised
    gala featuring the President.
    
75. 
    The crisis is hitting Western Europe several months later than the
    United States. This will react on the U.S. economy. It will tend to came
    the crisis and depression to go deeper and last longer than most econo­
    mists expect.
    
76. 
    The United Nations General Assembly, defeating all Western opposition, declared the use of nuclear weapons to be a direct violation of
    the U.N. Charter.
    
77. 
    The Spanish prime minister wants Spain to throw off the sense of
    inferiority caused by its past century's history, and not least by the Franco
    period.
    
78. 
    The President now says he wants negotiations on trade to open
    markets in once off-limits areas including services, manufacturing and
    farming.
    
79. 
    The prime minister says that he wants Britain to emerge from the
    fringes and play a leading role in the European Union.
    
80. 
    It seems that the Right Wing in the Labour and trade union move­
    ment is not prepared to consider anyone who disagrees with them a hu­
    man being.
    
81. 
    In a document released today a Harvard University Professor discloses that studies he made in one medium-sized U.S. city showed may­ors, police chiefs and other officials to have been on a gambling syndi­cate's payroll for many years.
    
82. 
    An association of lawyers says that many owners prefer their own
    property rather than nearby land to be swallowed by a motorway.
    
83. 
    Polls repeatedly show that many Britons believe the EU to be remote and democratically unaccountable.
    
84. 
    Time and again the Prime Minister has assured them that the Gov­
    ernment doesn't want to hinder the making of profits. He has done his
    damnedest to get the trade unions to agree to wage restraint, which
    would put still more profits into the pockets of the employers.
    
85. 
    The Prime Minister has decided to get the Cabinet to make an ear­
    lier than expected decision on the budget.
    

86. Public opinion compelled the Government to get the German
leaders to arrive at a settlement.

87. 
    The issue is how to make the institutions of democracy work properly, not whether they should exist. Trade barriers are being pulled down,
    internal markets freed, state industries and services privatized.
    
88. 
    The report calls for the monarchy in the UK to become profes­
    sional and accountable.
    
89. 
    Classification of political systems allows for qualitative judge­
    ments to be made in relation to political structures and governmental
    forms.
    
90. 
    A National Security Council official said last week that «the
    NATO theologians are codifying fresh visions for their favorite organiza­
    tion, and the spin doctors see colossal opportunities for the president to
    bestride TV screens».
    
91. 
    «Whilst we read the report with interest, any issues of constitu­
    tional reform would be a matter for Parliament to decide».
    
92. 
    The United States and Britain on Friday set a month-long deadline
    for Libya to surrender two suspects wanted for the 1988 Lockerbie
    bombing.
    
93. 
    For the reform forces to pull off a. majority on council, all their in­
    cumbents will have to hang onto their seats.
    
94. 
    Mr Tao says it would be «technically feasable» for the Hong
    Kong government to declare overnight that all Hong Kong dollars held in
    banks and in circulation would be converted into US dollars.
    
95. 
    To say that the wages fight is not the only issue, or that higher pay
    will not on its own solve the crisis, only emphasizes the need for unions
    like the engineers' to get stuck into the all-round fight for the alternative
    strategy now developed within the movement.
    
96. 
    The President was closeted in the White House today preparing
    his so called «Economic Renewal» package, as pressure from unem­
    ployed millions across the nation continues to build for federal action to
    provide jobs.
    
97. 
    Chips are harder for hackers to modify than software.
    
98. 
    Elitists highlight the tendency for political power to be concen­
    trated in the hands of a priviliged minority.
    
99. 
    In Japan, the ultimate way for a student to repay his teacher is to
    beat him at his own game. And having learned so well from the West, it is
    flattering to the Japanese to be told that the West may now have some­
    thing to learn from them.
    

---

100. For Europe to drive forward it needs leadership.

24

101. 
     For Egypt to get anywhere near its growth target, it will have to
     persuade Egyptians to save and foreigners to invest.
     
102. 
     The rise of homeless emphasizes the desperate need for the Gov­
     ernment to fulfil its pledge to meet the problem with a lower rate of inter­
     est for housing.
     
103. 
     Although the Minister of Health yesterday did not accept the
     conditions described as typical, the revelations made it hard for reassur­
     ing phrases like «best in the world» and «tremendous step forward» to
     avoid having a slightly hollow ring.
     

104. 
     In these circumstances the party leaders had no plan for the
     Prime Minister to make a unity appeal when he attends today's party
     meeting.
     
105. 
     An Atomic Energy Authority spokesman said it was not unusual
     for one or two reactors to be shut down at weekends under normal condi­
     tions. But in view of possible staff shortages it had been decided to close
     down three.
     
106. 
     And having made this guess, he thought it completely in order for
     an MP to announce it, as if it were a hard fact provided by a government
     official.
     

107. 
     There is too much slackness in many key industries. Too many
     employers complain of short order books and too many firms give notice
     of redundancy for there to be any complacency among trade unionists.
     
108. 
     A first group of more than 50 immigrants was freed from detention centres in Sicily yesterday, hundreds more to follow in the next few days.
     

§ 2. ГЕРУНДИЙ I. Герундий в различных функциях

1. Герундий в функции обстоятельства всегда употребляется в сочетании с предлогом. Он может выступать в функции следующих обстоятельств:

1) времени, после предлогов on (upon), after, before, in. После предлогов before и in герундий переводится обычно на русский язык придаточным предложением; после on (upon) и after — дееприча­стием прошедшего времени.

In trying to devise ways to improve the machinery of the United Nations the Foreign Secretary displayed real ingenuity. Когда ми­нистр иностранных дел пытался придумать новые способы

25

---

---

27

стаивает на необходимости ведения переговоров по ограниченному кругу практических вопросов.

Иногда герундий встречается в сочетании с предлогом for, часто с указанием на назначение предмета, что сближает его с обстоятель­ством цели.

At that time he intends to seek ways for improving cooperation with France. В это время он намеревается искать пути для улучшения (расширения, чтобы улучшить) сотрудничества с Францией.

3. В функции дополнения (предложного и беспредложного) к
существительному, прилагательному и глаголу. В функции пред­
ложного дополнения герундий сочетается с очень большим количе­
ством предлогов и, так же как и в функции беспредложного допол­
нения, в зависимости от его лексического значения и от сочетаемо­
сти слов в русском языке, переводится инфинитивом, существительным
или придаточным предложением, вводимым словами то, что...

They succeeded in removing ail the obstacles. Им удалось устра­нить все препятствия.

This curious episode merits being inserted in a survey of the activities of the Security Council during that period. Этот любопыт­ный эпизод заслуживает того, чтобы его включили в обзор дея­тельности Совета Безопасности за этот период.

4. В функции подлежащего, предикативного члена и части
составного сказуемого. В этих функциях герундий, как правило,
переводится существительным или инфинитивом.

Solving Britain's economic difficulties, said the Prime Minister, is a question not so much of political doctrine as of practical judgement. Разрешение экономических трудностей Англии, сказал премьер-министр, это вопрос не столько политической доктрины, сколько практической целесообразности.

If the Minister wants to avert a dock strike he had better stop attacking the dockers and start twisting the arms of the mean and stubborn employers. Если министр хочет избежать забастовки до­керов, ему лучше прекратить нападки (наступление) на докеров и начать оказывать серьезный нажим на эгоистичных и упрямых предпринимателей.

---

Примечание. 1. Сочетание there is no с герундием в функции подле­жащего переводится на русский язык неопределенно-личным предложением.

.28

There is no denying that danger may be averted by this move. Нельзя от­рицать, что этим шагом можно избежать опасности.

2. После выражения far from герундий переводится следующим обра­
зом: не только не... (+ личная форма глагола), но...; вместо того чтобы
(+ инфинитив)...; отнюдь не (+деепричастие)...

Far from averting this threat, this surrender will only bring about still tougher action later. Отнюдь не устраняя самой угрозы, эта капитуляция приведет в будущем к еще более жестким мерам.

Far from being a triumph, it was the most ignominious surrender in modern diplomacy. Это не только не было триумфом, но было самой по­зорной капитуляцией за всю историю современной дипломатии.

3. Простые формы герундия в различных функциях могут пере­
водиться на русский язык существительным с предлогом, инфини­
тивом, деепричастием или придаточным предложением. Способ пе­
ревода зависит не столько от той или иной функции герундия,
сколько от его лексического значения и сочетаемости слов в рус­
ском языке.

Пассивная и перфектная формы герундия переводятся почти все­гда придаточным предложением.

They made their decision after being toldofXht terms contained in a joint union-management statement. Они приняли решение после того, как им сообщили об условиях, содержащихся в совместном заявлении, подписанном профсоюзом и администрацией.

Проанализируйте и переведите следующие предложения.

1. 
   Before embarking on projects like DMU (a defence and military
   union), the European Union's big job is to bring in new members from
   the East. That will mean, among other things, more majority voting in the
   council.
   
2. 
   A spokesman for the British Foreign Office said the meeting
   «provided useful opportunity for consultations» before departing for
   trips abroad.
   
3. 
   The Belgian Prime Minister offered his resignation to the King in
   Brussels yesterday after failing to reconcile a cabinet split over tough new
   economic measures.
   

The resignation followed a cabinet meeting at which the Premier again

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