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2. Fill in the blanks with the personal pronouns in nominative and object cases:
1. Let … introduce myself. 2. Footbal is a great game. … is played in most countries in the world. 3. ... sport (kind of sport) is tennis. 4. … is necessary to train much to become a good sportsman. 5. … have been doing it for 10 years. 6. In summer … like playing football (volleyball, basketball, badminton). 7. As for … I go in for table tennis. 8. The trainer gives … time to think. 9. … often train on their sport-ground. 10. Give … our balls. 11. They oftten helped … in training. We are very thankful … for … help.
3. Use possessive pronouns properly:
1. … first name is.... 2. … coach's name is.... 3. … friend is a Merited Master of Sports and a Master of Sports of International Level. 4. … racket is in his bag. 5. He left … equipment in the hall. This is … . 6. Two friends of … are on the hockey team. I am proud of them. 7. Our coach showed us … medals. 8. At the beginning of … training the coach gives us command. 9. He is a first-class runner. I think the best results are … . 10. She won the individual all-round title. This is not only … victory but … coach too.
4. Insert indefinite pronouns any, some, no. Translate the following sentences into Russian:
1. Are there … tennis players here? – No, there aren't … . 2. My couch gave me … advice. 3. Have we … time left? –Yes, we have … . The match starts at 6. 4. There are … balls in the sport hall. 5. Have you … sport magazines? No, there aren't … . 6. There are … champions in our club. 7. Do you know … British sports? 8. There are … stadiums in our city, but there are no skate-rinks. 9. Do you have … rackets at home? 10. There are … fitness centers in our district.
5. Fill in the blanks with somebody (someone)/something, anybody(anyone)/anything, nobody (none)/nothing, everybody (everyone)/everything:
1. The exersice is so difficult that … can do it. 2. Is there … here who can play football well? 3. Do you know … about sports in Britain? 4. … must train hard to get better results. 5. Giv me … to drink after hard training. 6. He said … after my round. 7. Do you see … at the stadium? 8. 9. He knows … who can train us. 10. Has … got another racket? 11. … knows who will win. 12. Does … here can play volleyball? 13. … must learn to do this exercise correctly. 14. Do you know … among the winners? 15. … must go in for sport.
6. Fill in the blanks with little, few, many, much, a little, a few:
1. Our coach do not allow to drink … after a hard training. 2. I have … tickets to the football match to-day. 3. There is … water in the swimming pool. 4. There are … masters of sport at our University. 4. There are … sportsmen in the gym. 5. We cannot play, there are … balls here. 6. They took part in … competitions. 7. There is … time left. The competition will start in 10 minutes. 8. There is … hope he will win today. 9. I know very … about sports in Russia. 10. There is … snow in the yard. We can't ski today.
7. Write the following cardinal numerals in words:
11, 41, 21, 2, 12, 20, 3, 133, 300, 712, 1933, 20703, 537684
8. Write the following ordinal numerals in words:
1st, 2nd, 3rd, 15th, 17th, 20th, 38th, 100th, 237th
9. Write the dates in English correctly:
22 марта 2000, 7 ноября 1991, 31 июля 1980, 16 октября 2012, 13 мая 2002
UNIT 2. POPULARITY OF SPORTS
IN BRITAIN AND RUSSIA
| Topics: 1. Sports in Britain. 2. Sports in Russia. Grammar: Prepositions, The Plural of Nouns, The Possessive Case, Adjectives/Adverbs (Degrees of Comparison) |
| Topic 1. |
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VOCABULARY
1. Check the meaning and pronunciation of the words in the box in the dictionary. Practice in transcribing the following words:
| tournament support spectator innumerable athletics yachting association feather cricket league rugby essential amateur toboggan canoeing surfing |
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READING-SPEAKING
1. Look through Text 1 and do comprehension tasks below.
SPORTS IN BRITAIN
T
he British have always had interest in all kinds of sports. They are a sport-loving nation. When they are neither playing, nor watching games, they like to talk about them. Many sports which are played all over the world first appeared in Britain. Cricket, soccer, rugby, tennis, squash, table tennis, badminton, canoeing and snooker were all invented in Britain. The first rules for such sports as boxing, golf, hockey, yachting and horse-racing also originated from Britain. The most popular sports that people take part in, rather than watching, are angling, snooker and darts. Most popular game in Britain is football. It is the national sport and British club teams are often successful in Europe. Football began as a contest between neighboring villages – with no limit to the number on each side, no fixe pitch and almost no rules. The Football Association drew up the rules of the modern game in 1863 and in 1888 12 clubs joined together to form the first Football League. England won the World Cup in 1966. Every Saturday from late August till the beginning of May, large crowds of people support their favourite sides in football grounds. True fans travel from one end of the country to the other to see their team play. There are plenty of professional and amateur soccer clubs all over Britain. International football matches and the Cup Finals take place at Wembley stadium, near London, which holds 100,000 spectators. But British football today has a bad name at home and abroad because of the violence of some groups of supporters.
The next popular sport after football is rugby, which is largely an amateur game. It appeared in 1895 at Rugby School. That is why the game took the name Rugby or «rugger». These sports attract large numbers of people in Britain, both as participants and as spectators. Rugby and football became two separate sports when the rules laid down by the Football Association said that only the goalkeeper could handle the ball. Two kinds of rugby are played in Britain. Rugby Union is played by amateurs in teams of 15 in the south of England and in Wales (where it is the national sport). Rugby League is played by professionals in teams of 13 in the north of England.
Next to football, the chief spectator sport in British life is horse-racing. A lot of people are interested in the races and risk money on the horse which they think will win. The Derby is perhaps the most famous single sporting event in the whole world.
Cricket is very much the English game. Not many Scots, Irish or Welsh play it. A match can take five days – and end in a draw. A form of cricket was being played 250 years ago. Nowadays it is often played in schools, colleges, universities and by club teams all over the country. Summer isn't summer without cricket. To many Englishmen cricket is both a game and a standard of behaviour. When they consider anything unfair, they sometimes say: «That isn't cricket».
In summer tennis is one of the most popular games. There are clubs in every town and in all the parks there are public courts. The innumerable tennis courts of Britain are occupied by people between the ages of 16 and 60 who show every degree of skill – from practically helpless to the extremely able. The first rules for tennis were drawn up by the All-England Lawn Tennis and Croquet Club when it held its first tournament in the London suburb of Wimbledon in 1877. Wimbledon is still the world’s most famous tennis event. The tennis Championship held at Wimbledon for two weeks at the end of June and beginning of July is the main event of the lawn-tennis season in Britain and in fact, in the world.
Swimming is also very popular and there are many public swimming baths. Many children in Britain learn to swim at school. Swimming championship and competitions are widely reported in the press, over the radio and on television. Attempts to swim the English Channel which separates Great Britain from the Continent have been made by swimmers of many nationalities every summer. Some of the attempts are successful.
Rowing and canoeing are practiced less because there are not so many faculties. The annual Boat Race between Oxford and Cambridge universities on the river Thames is, however, one of the most popular sporting events of the year. Other popular, water sports are water skiing and surfing.
Golf is becoming increasingly popular. Golf was probably invented in Holland, but has been played in Scotland for at least 400 years. At first, it was played with balls made of wood, then of leather stuffed with feathers.
Britain is also famous for motor-car racing, dog-racing and even races for donkeys. Various forms of athletics, such as running, jumping, swimming, boxing are also popular.
Winter sports such as skiing are generally impossible in Britain (except in Scotland) because of the climate. Of course the English weather is not always cold enough to ski, skate, or toboggan, but winter is a good season for hunting and fishing. Besides many people spend winter holiday on the Continent in order to take part in them.
So there are a lot of sports and games which are popular both among youngsters and gown-ups. 25 millions of grownup people take part in sports. Sport is one of the programme of all state and private schools and universities. Nearly of schools have sports grounds and swimming pools. Indeed, sport in one form or another is an essential part of daily life in Britain.
| References: Wimbley – Уэмбли (знаменитый стадион в Лондоне) rugby – регби (особая разновидность футбола; играется овальным мячом; по называнию привилегированной средней школы Rugby, где в 1823-м впервые стали играть в эту игру) the Derby – Дерби (ежегодные скачки лошадей-трехлеток на ипподроме Epson Downs близ Лондона; названы по имени графа Дерби) Wimbledon – Уимблдон (предместье Лондона, в котором находится английский теннисный и крикетный клуб и проводятся международные чемпионаты по теннису) |
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COMPREHENSION CHECK
1. Fill in the blanks with words and word-expressions from the box:
| participants, football fields, fans, athletics, spectators, toboggan, attracts the greatest attention, professional and amateur, tournaments, boat race, spectator sport, support, team |
1. But as almost everywhere else in the world, the game which … is Association football, or soccer. 2. Every Saturday from late August till the beginning of May large crowds of people … their favourite sides in … 3. True … will travel from one end of the country to the other to see their … play. 4. There are plenty of … soccer clubs all over Britain. 5. The chief … in British life is horse-racing. 6. … between the teams of Oxford and Cambridge attracts large crowds of people. 7. Tennis … at Wimbledon are known all over the world. 8. Various forms of …, such as running, jumping, swimming, boxing are also popular. 9. Of course the English weather is not always cold enough to ski, skate, or …, but winter is a good season for hunting and fishing. 10. These sports attract large numbers of people in Britain, both as … and as … .
2. Match Russian and English phrases. Fill in the table below:
| 1. | большие любители спорта | a) | to be interested in the races |
| 2. | быть известными во всем мире | b) | spectator sport |
| 3. | кататься на лыжах, коньках и санках | c) | a good season for … |
| 4. | существенная часть ежедневной жизни в Британии | d) | to support smb. favourite sides in football fields |
| 5. | интересоваться скачками | e) | to be known all over the world |
| 6. | поддерживать свои любимые команды на футбольных полях | f) | great sport lovers |
| 7. | привлекать толпы людей | g) | to see the team play |
| 8. | смотреть, как играет команда | h) | to ski, skate and toboggan |
| 9. | хороший сезон для … | i) | to attract large crowds of people |
| 10. | «зрительский» вид спорта, собирающий большое количество болельщиков | j) | an essential part of daily life in Britain |
| 1. | 2. | 3. | 4. | 5. | 6. | 7. | 8. | 9. | 10. |
| | | | | | | | | | |
3. Give the full answers to the following questions:
1. What is one of the most British games? Where is it played?
2. Which game attracts the greatest attention?
3. Are there any soccer clubs in Britain? What kind of clubs?
4. Where do the International football matches and the Cup Finals take place?
5. What is the chief spectator sport in British life?
6. What is the most famous single sporting event in Britain?
7. What kinds of races are held in Britain?
8. What kinds of tournaments are known all over the world?
9. What kinds of winter sports are popular in Britain?
10. Is sport an essential part of daily life in Britain?
4. Translate the following sentences into English:
1. Британцы – большие любители спорта.
2. Одна из самых типичных британских игр – крикет, в нее играют в школах, колледжах, университетах.
3. Существует множество профессиональных и любительских футбольных клубов в Британии.
4. Преданные фанаты будут путешествовать из одного конца страны в другой, чтобы посмотреть, как играет их команда.
5. Международные футбольные матчи и финальные кубки проходят на Уэмбли.
6. Гребные гонки между командами Оксфорда и Кембриджа привлекают толпы людей.
7. На следующем месте после футбола, главным зрительским видом спорта в Британии являются скачки.
8. Множество людей играют и смотрят теннис, теннисные турниры в Уимблдоне известны во всем мире.
9. Британцам также нравится играть в гольф, бейсбол, хоккей и хоккей на траве.
10. Многие игры, в которые мы играем сейчас, были изобретны в Англии.
5. Read the dialogue about sport in Britain in roles with your patner.
SPORTS AND GAMES POPULAR IN ENGLAND
A: What would you say are the most popular games in England today?
B: Well, I suppose football, that is, soccer or rugger, and cricket.
A: What are the other outdoor games?
B: Oh, there's tennis, hockey, golf, and so on. Tennis is played all the year round – on hard courts or grass courts in summer and on hard or covered courts in winter.
A: What about horse-racing?
B: I should say that is one of the most popular sports in Great Britain. Then there are, of course, walking-races, running, swimming and boxing.
A: I've been told that there are no winter sports in England.
B: Well, you see, the English winter isn't very severe as a rule, and we don't often have the chance of skiing, skating or tobogganing, but winter is the great time for hunting, provided the ground is not too hard.
A: Is there any golf to be had near London?
B: Oh, yes, any amount. There are dozens of good golf-links within an hour or so of London. You ought to join a golf club if you're keen on the game.
A: I think I shall if I get the chance. What about indoor games?
Well, there's chess, billiards, cards, table tennis... By the way, do you play billiards?
B: Well, I do, but of course, I'm not a professional or a champion, just an ordinary amateur, and not a very good one at that.
6. Look through the additional information about British sports. Retell it in short.
UNUSUAL AND ECCENTIC BRITISH SPORTS
Aunt Sally – involves the under-arm throwing of the dolly (a truncheon shaped stick) at a suspended target. Each player in the team has 6 throws. The best score out of 24 wins.
Barrel Walking – to stand on top of a small barrel and walk it forward. The distance walked before falling off is measured.
Cheese-Rolling – competitors race down a steep hill, attempting to catch a huge piece of cheese which has been set rolling from the top. Often this results in many injuries.
Coconut Shy – each player has 6 balls to throw at targets of coconuts balanced on raised stands. The player with the highest number of hits wins.
Pancake Racing – in which each participant carries a pancake in a frying pan. All the runners must toss their pancakes as they run and catch them in the frying pan.
People Herding – a group of three people are blindfolded and each holds onto a central hoop. The fourth member of the team has a whistle, one short blast move to the left, two short blasts move to the right, a long continuing blast move forward. The object is to direct the hooped group through a gate or gatepost. The team with the shortest time wins.
Welly/Wellie Wanging or Throwing – a freestyle sport that originated in Britain. Competitors are required to hurl a Wellington boot as far as possible within boundary lines, from a standing or running start. Each player has three throws, the longest distance thrown within the zone wins. Note that the word wellie is also often spelt as welly.
Wheelbarrow and Straw Bale Race – each player in the team races over 50 yards with 4 straw bales on the barrow, then tosses the bales over a 6ft height bar. The quickest team wins.
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VOCABULARY
1. Check the meaning and pronunciation of the words and expressions in the box in the dictionary. Make your own sentences using them:
| competitive, entertaining, skilful, strong-willed, outstanding, worthy, young generation, to be specialized, numerous, to struggle for a medal, to be crowded, to lay out a ski trail, youth, contender, to be widespread, to be favorites at |
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READING-SPEAKING
1. Look through Text 2 and do comprehension tasks below.
SPORTS IN RUSSIA
Russia is a country famous for its outstanding brilliant sportsmen, especially in winter kinds of sport. Russian teams take worthy places at world championships in ice hockey as well as in figure skating.
Sport has become very popular among young generation, since from early childhood children are trained to sport life. Russian schools and universities offer students a wide choice of sporting activities. It can be tennis, table tennis, volleyball, basketball, swimming, football, judo, boxing and others. There are a lot of sport clubs in Russia specialized in various sports, which admit children and teenagers. Many members of such clubs take part in numerous competitions, struggle for medals.