Ex. 4. State the part of speech of the groups of words. Translate them.
Fish – to fish – fishing – fishman; commerce – commercial – to commercialize;

to differ – difference – different – differentiation; to classify – classification;

mechanic – mechanical – mechanics – mechanism – mechanization – to mechanize;

to exist – existence – existing – existential – existensianalism – existen-cianalist.
Ex. 5. Form the words with the opposite meaning with the help of pre-fixes (see Appendix 5, Table А5.13):

	un-, in-, dis-, il-, im-, ir-
ability − ____________		legal − _____________				capable − ___________
advantage − _________		literal − _____________				comparable − ________
agree − ______________		migrate − ___________				considerable − _______
appear − _____________		mobile − ___________				different − ___________
approval − __________		personal − __________				direct − _____________
believe − ___________		polite − _____________				efficient − ___________
charge − ____________		possible − ___________				cover − ____________
practical − __________		human − ___________				order − _____________
accurate − ___________		separable − __________				placement − __________
adequate − __________		significant − _________				tolerant − ___________
responsible − ________		able − ______________				visible − ____________
armed − ____________		comfortable − ________				regular − ____________
attractive − _________		clouded − ___________				damaged − __________
load − ______________		lock − ______________				navigable − __________
qualified − __________		safe − ______________

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Ex. 6. Read the text about fishing vessels, inland and coastal boats, LNG carrier and some other types of vessels.
TEXT

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1. Fishing vessels
Fishing vessels are a subclass of commercial vessels, but generally small in size and often subject to different regulations and classification. They can be categorized by several criteria: architecture, the type of fish they catch, the fish-ing method used, geographical origin, and technical features such as rigging. The world’s fishing fleet consists of some 6 million vessels. There is minority of

decked vessels with enclosed areas and the rest are open vessels. Most decked vessels are mechanized, but two-thirds of the open vessels are traditional craft propelled by sails and oars. More than 60% of all existing large fishing vessels are built in Japan, Peru, the Russian Federation, Spain or the United States of America.
Trade (fishing) vessels are intended for catching various fishes, whales, and sea animals and non-fish objects. Such vessels have large autonomous. Among them: seiners, trawlers, whaling vessels and drifters.

Special purpose fishing vessels have special handling facilities. For ex-ample, trawlers have winches and arms, stern-trawlers have a rear ramp, and tu-na seiners have skiffs. The top ten marine commercially captured species in-clude Alaska pollack, blue whiting, skipjack tuna, Atlantic herring, Chilean mackerel, Japanese anchovy, salmon, shrimp, lobster, clams, squid and crab.
2. Inland and coastal boats
Many types of boats and ships are designed for inland and coastal water-ways. These are the vessels that float upon the lakes, rivers and canals.

Barges are a prime example of inland vessels. Riverboats and inland fer-ries are specially designed to carry passengers, cargo, or both in the challenging river environment. Riverboats are generally of shallow draft, being broad of beam, with a low freeboard or high topsides.
Lake freighters, also called lakers, are cargo vessels. These vessels are traditionally called boats, not ships. Since the freshwater lakes are less corrosive to ships than the salt water of the oceans, lakers tend to serve much longer than ocean freighters.
3. LNG carriers
New LNG carriers (a high growth area of shipping) continue to be built with steam turbines. The natural gas is stored in cryogenic vessels in liquid state aboard these ships, and a small amount of ‘boil off’ gas is needed to maintain the pressure and temperature inside the vessels within operating limits. The ‘boil off’ gas provides the fuel for the ship’s boilers, which provide steam for the tur-bines, the simplest way to deal with the gas. Technology to operate internal combustion engines (modified marine two-stroke diesel engines) on this gas has improved, however, so such engines are starting to appear in LNG carriers; with their greater thermal efficiency, less gas is burnt.
4. Others
The wide variety of vessels defies a simple classification scheme. The above categories include:

• 
  historical boats frequently used as museum ships, training ships, or as good-will ambassadors of a country abroad;
  
• 
  houseboats, floating structures used as dwellings;
  

• 
  scientific, technical, and industrial vessels, such as mobile offshore drill-ing units, offshore wind farms, survey ships, and research vessels;
  

• 
  submarines used for underwater navigation and exploration.
  

E x. 7. Fill in the gaps with the words given in the box:

vessels, fishes, criteria, subclass, inland, fleet, sails, intended, wind, waterways, corrosive, boats, drilling, LNG, cryogenic

1. 
   Fishing vessels are a __________ of commercial ones.
   
2. 
   The world’s fishing __________ consists mostly of decked ________.
   
3. 
   Most of the vessels are propelled by __________ or oars.
   
4. 
   Fishing vessels are __________ for catching various __________.
   
5. 
   Many types of boats are designed for inland and coastal __________.
   
6. 
   Barges, riverboats, ferries and other boats are typical __________
   

vessels.

7. 
   Inland and coastal vessels are traditionally called ________, not ships.
   
8. 
   Fresh water of lakes is less __________ to ships than the salt water of the oceans.
   
9. 
   The plenty of ships can be categorized by several __________.
   
10. 
    Industrial vessels include offshore __________ units, __________
    

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farms and others.

11. 
    __________ means liquid natural gas.
    
12. 
    The natural gas is stored in __________ vessels.
    

Ex. 8. Fill in the chart. Enumerate technical handling facilities, fishes and types of fishing boats described in the text:

Types of fishing boats	Fishes captured	Technical features and
		handling facilities
seiner	whale	winch

Ex. 9. Give a title to the text. Compare your title with your group-mates’ ones. Choose the best one.
Ex. 10. Tell about inland and coastal boats, their advantages and pur-pose of usage.
Ex. 11. Prepare a short conversation on historical boats. Give examples.
Ex. 12. Ask your group-mates about houseboats. Prepare some ques-tions and act as a teacher.

Ex. 13. Discuss disadvantages of industrial vessels.
Ex. 14. Describe technical features of LNG carriers.
Ex. 15. Summarize the information given in the Unit. Make up a report on one of the following items:
LNG carriers; inland and coastal boats; fishing boats.
Ex. 16. Read the 1^st passage “Fishing Vessel” once more. Fill in the crossword:

		1	2
3	4	5	6
			7
			8
		9	10
11		12	13
		14
		15
16

	Across:						Down:
2.	Креветка (6).				1.		Тунец (4).
3.	Лосось (6).				2.		Кальмар (5).
7.	Дрифтер (7).				4.		Анчоус (7).
10.	Китобойное судно (6).				5.		Макрель (8).
12.	Омар (7).				6.		Сейнер (6).
13.	Моллюск (4).				8.		Траулер (7).
15.	Сельдь (7).				9.		Краб (4).
16.	Сайда (7).				10.		Хек (7).
				14.		Кит (5).

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Unit 11. ENGINE ROOM
Ex. 1. Active Vocabulary. Read and learn new words:

Ex. 3. Make up word-combinations. Use the given words. Translate
them.
Fuel, oil, lubricant, liquid, water, engine, dock, sea, space, propulsion, fresh, room, system, control, gear, air, electrical, auxiliary, box, pump, thruster, line, box, feed, accommodation, multiple, conditioned, living, machinery, proofed, generator, ship, synchronized, operation, hydraulic, sound.

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