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occur.
2. One of the most dangerous products of unjust wars is intolerance, violence and repression in the country waging the war. It suits reaction to stir up hysteria and, in the name of «patriotism», set the jingo riff-raff against those who are campaigning for peace.
3.'Although it is far ahead of many Middle Eastern countries in terms
96
of political pluralism, Iran is still some distance from democracy as practiced in the West.
10. // is the role o/galvaniser and mentor to nervous new democracies
that suits the secretary-general of NATO now.
И. Д was in an attempt to alter the ratio between the increase of rice-eaters and of rice that the International Rice Research Institute was conceived in 1959, and started operations at Los Banos in the Philippines in 1962.
97
It was at this time, that major money center banks from New York
to Hong Kong accepted, perhaps unwittingly, the responsibility of recy
cling the world's excess liquidity.
Although it was Germany which had led a financial rescue opera
tion earlier in the year, it was, ironically, the relationship with Germany
which had probably done more to undermine Turkey's economic stability
than any other single factor.
But because of government controls on the domestic price, it is in
the export field that the coal divisions of the leading mining houses har
vest the profits that have made them star performers in recent years.
As foreign minister of Spain, his sweetest moment was convening,
in 1995, the only conference ever attended by the European Union, Israel
4-553
and most of its Arab adversaries. It is the sort of circle-squaring that he thrives on.
II. One
Слово one выступает в качестве числительного и в качестве местоимения.
В качестве местоимения оно может выполнять функцию подлежащего неопределенно-личного предложения.
One can easily understand peoples' aspirations for world peace. Легко понять стремление народов к миру во всем мире.
Слово one выступает также в качестве слова-заместителя, которое употребляется вместо существительного, упомянутого ранее (one для единственного числа и ones для множественного числа). На русский язык one переводится тем существительным, которое оно заменяет, либо совсем не переводится, если смысл предложения ясен и без него.
The economic crisis is now being compounded by a political one. Сейчас экономический кризис осложняется и политическим (кризисом).
Проанализируйте и переведите следующие предложения.
5. Dealers in coca or cocaine have their own reasons for palm-
greasing, and also finance cross-border trade in other goods as one way of
laundering their profits.
10. Brazilians see their land, usually rightly, as a gentle one, untrou
bled by war or ethnic strife.
98
99
III. That
Слово that может выступать в качестве:
1. указательного местоимения. В этом случае оно всегда стоит перед существительным и на русский язык переводится соответствующими указательными местоимениями: тот, та, этот и т. д.
A joint fiscal decision-making mechanism for the EU will not be called a confederation but it will be a major step in that direction. Общий механизм принятия решений в области налогообложения
для Европейского Союза не будет называться конфедерацией, но он будет серьезным шагом в этом направлении.
2. союза, вводящего придаточные предложения, дополнительные
и предикативные. На русский язык переводится соответствующими
союзами: что, чтобы,...
Voters in the EU are starting to notice that their national governments have less and less to do. Избиратели в ЕС начинают замечать, что у их национальных правительств остается все меньше и меньше функций.
3. союзного слова, вводящего придаточное определительное
предложение. На русский язык переводится соответствующими со
юзными словами: который, которая и т. д.
Some voters, notably in Germany, are growing unhappy with a EU's budget that leaves them paying in much more than they get out. Некоторые избиратели, особенно в Германии, все больше и больше недовольны бюджетом ЕС, в который они должны отдавать больше, чем получать (из него).
4. слова-заместителя, которое употребляется вместо существи
тельного или группы слов, упомянутых раньше (that для единствен
ного числа, those для множественного числа). На русский язык пе
реводится заменяемым существительным или соответствующим
личным или относительным местоимением.
Increasingly, New York's style of policing is being contrasted unfavourably with that of other cities, particularly Boston. Стиль работы полиции в Нью-Йорке все больше сравнивается, и не в пользу Нью-Йорка, со стилем работы полиции в других городах, в частности в Бостоне.
Примечание. Сочетание с наречием now that означает теперь, когда; сочетание not that переводится не то. чтобы.
Проанализируйте и переведите следующие предложения.
100
101
paved over: that it is part of a sense of patriotism and national identity — qualities the government certainly does want to inculcate.
3. Reforms are hard to do at national level, but one virtue of the euro
is that it imposes obligations at a European level which countries can use
as a pressure to force domestic changes.
4. The unprecedented destructive power of modern means of warfare
'demands that the main actions should be directed towards preventing war.
survey will debunk many old myths about it, including the belief that all these economies are highly flexible and well-governed, and that high investment is always a sign of strength. But the biggest myth of all is that of a single Asian economic model.
102
103
that is very much the sort of work that governments want to have done now at the European Commission.
§ 10. МНОГОЗНАЧНЫЕ И ТРУДНЫЕ ДЛЯ ПЕРЕВОДА СЛОВА
1. Существительные и прилагательные
Известную трудность при переводе представляют многозначные слова. Полисемантизм вообще характерен для английского языка, и нужно все время иметь в виду, что любое казалось бы хорошо знакомое слово в зависимости от контекста может иметь совсем иное значение. Так например:
1. power имеет следующие значения: 1) держава, государство; 2) сила, мощь; 3) власть, могущество; 4) (мн. ч.) полномочия; 5) энергия. В сочетании с предлогом in приобретает адвербиальное значение: \)у власти; 2) в состоянии.
According to the UN Charter the important task of maintaining peace lies mainly with the great powers. В соответствии с Уставом ООН важная задача поддержания мира лежит на великих державах.
They have mastered sufficient sea, air and land power to win back that territory. Они собрали достаточные морские, воздушные и сухопутные силы, чтобы отвоевать эту территорию.
Who sits in a second chamber is secondary to its functions and powers. Вопрос о том, кто входит во вторую палату [Британского
104
парламента] вторичен по отношению к ее функциям и полномочиям.
2.case имеет следующие значения: 1) случай, обстоятельство,
положение, дело; 2) факты, доказательства, доводы (в пользу ко
го-л. или чего-л.); 3) судебное дело;
2. One of the most dangerous products of unjust wars is intolerance, violence and repression in the country waging the war. It suits reaction to stir up hysteria and, in the name of «patriotism», set the jingo riff-raff against those who are campaigning for peace.
3.'Although it is far ahead of many Middle Eastern countries in terms
96
of political pluralism, Iran is still some distance from democracy as practiced in the West.
-
Courts find it almost impossible to pin down a precise enough legal
definition of privacy. -
He is ready to support a measure of political unity in the EU but
made it as clear as ever that such a union will be firmly grounded in na
tional direction. -
The plus side for poor Bolivians is that'every large town has a well-
established black market. Contraband makes it possible for many workers
to buy electronic and other consumer goods that would otherwise be out
of reach. -
The Labour MP made it clear that he believed that a peaceful set
tlement in Europe could never be achieved without Russia. -
Under Hong Kong's currency system when speculators attack the
Hong Kong dollar, that automatically pushes up local interest rates. Those
higher rates make it more attractive for investors to hold Hong Kong dol
lar. -
There is little evidence that mergers are making it easier to gouge
consumers; on the contrary, the ability to shop electronically, by tele
phone or on the Internet leaves customers with more choices than ever
before.
10. // is the role o/galvaniser and mentor to nervous new democracies
that suits the secretary-general of NATO now.
И. Д was in an attempt to alter the ratio between the increase of rice-eaters and of rice that the International Rice Research Institute was conceived in 1959, and started operations at Los Banos in the Philippines in 1962.
-
1 ... 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 ... 26
97
It was at this time, that major money center banks from New York
to Hong Kong accepted, perhaps unwittingly, the responsibility of recy
cling the world's excess liquidity.
Although it was Germany which had led a financial rescue opera
tion earlier in the year, it was, ironically, the relationship with Germany
which had probably done more to undermine Turkey's economic stability
than any other single factor.
But because of government controls on the domestic price, it is in
the export field that the coal divisions of the leading mining houses har
vest the profits that have made them star performers in recent years.
As foreign minister of Spain, his sweetest moment was convening,
in 1995, the only conference ever attended by the European Union, Israel
4-553
and most of its Arab adversaries. It is the sort of circle-squaring that he thrives on.
-
It is the strength of the peoples that can ensure a world without
war, without arms, a world of our dreams. -
Like many older people around the world, Singapores feel the
young have had it easy, and take their present good fortune for granted. -
What's it like being rich, unemployed and hungry for a new job? -
Their mission was to help researchers answer one of life's most
vexing questions: why is it that some people can eat as much as they want
and stay thin, while others get fatter with every cookie they swallow? -
If it's a success, it will never be forgotten. If it's a failure, we'll
never be forgiven. -
It was the failure either to coordinate these Ministries successfully,
or to present an intelligent picture of their activities to the electorate,
which was the chief weakness of the previous Cabinet. -
The share of imports in Britain's consumption of manufactured
and semi-manufactured goods increased greatly over the past ten years. It
was this growth which alarmed the Government and business last year1
when the expansion of imports had a severe effect on the balance of pay
ments. -
// was not until the emergence of the women's suffrage movement
in the I840s-50s that feminist ideas reached a wider audience, in the form
of so-called «first-wave feminism.» -
It won't be until the end of the congressional session, 10 months
from now, that the United States will know what actually can be cut from
the budget — and at whose expense. But then it will be up to the presi
dent and Congress to set taxes to meet public responsibilities, and not the
other way around. -
The corporation has said earlier that it will not negotiate until
normal working is resumed. -
The Bharatiya Janata Party (BJP) wants India to deploy nuclear
weapons. It hopes that, as long as it does not conduct a fresh nuclear test,
it will not be subject to international sanctions.
II. One
Слово one выступает в качестве числительного и в качестве местоимения.
В качестве местоимения оно может выполнять функцию подлежащего неопределенно-личного предложения.
One can easily understand peoples' aspirations for world peace. Легко понять стремление народов к миру во всем мире.
Слово one выступает также в качестве слова-заместителя, которое употребляется вместо существительного, упомянутого ранее (one для единственного числа и ones для множественного числа). На русский язык one переводится тем существительным, которое оно заменяет, либо совсем не переводится, если смысл предложения ясен и без него.
The economic crisis is now being compounded by a political one. Сейчас экономический кризис осложняется и политическим (кризисом).
Проанализируйте и переведите следующие предложения.
-
But if one has any sense of U.S. history, one has to believe that both
the corporations and the president whose program they are so enthusiasti
cally promoting are on somewhat shaky ground. -
President of the Association of American Colleges said: «We might
begin to define the educated person as one who can overcome the defi
ciencies in our educational system». -
The winner will be the one whom the voters don't want less than
they don't want his opponent. -
In old age there is a deep and different sense about human beings
and situations, one that just isn't possible when one is younger.
5. Dealers in coca or cocaine have their own reasons for palm-
greasing, and also finance cross-border trade in other goods as one way of
laundering their profits.
-
When one hears such thoughtless declarations, one must realize that
one has to face here a fundamental misconception. -
Discretion is another necessary quality one finds highly developed
in interpreters. They often participate in the most confidential and far-
reaching discussions, and delegates must feel that they can speak freely. -
Economic dependence upon a foreign country is also a major obsta
cle to growth although one that is not always obvious and easily defin
able. -
Ministers and Tory Spokesmen have been vague, either referring to
maintaining existing powers or ensuring that any replacement House is at
least as independent as the existing one.
10. Brazilians see their land, usually rightly, as a gentle one, untrou
bled by war or ethnic strife.
98
99
-
Although Europe produces more films than America, Europeans
want to watch American ones. -
Democratic Presidents are as reluctant as Republican ones to for
malize a consultative process on Capitol Hill that the White House might
not be able to control. -
Of all candidates, the one who comes most closely to the people's
interests is the one with the least apparent chance of winning the nomina
tion. -
For those who see East Asia's crisis primarily as one of panic,
these market-reinforcing reforms mostly miss the point. Far more urgent
is the need to control the capital flows themselves. -
The notion that there is a distinctively East Asian political form is
a less familiar owe. -
None of the new men in Brazil's cabinet in fact looks any worse
than the one he has replaced. The new industry minister is as protectionist
as his predecessor but far more polished. -
As the Cuban missile crisis tapes from the Kennedy White House^
show, presidents have understood that the use of nuclear weapons mus|f
be the option of the last resort, and even then, one that is all but unthink
able. -
His name has been mentioned as a possible future president of the
European Commission. This would be welcomed by America, which
spent the cold war keeping a watchful eye on Europe's socialists and
knows which ones it likes. -
The agency has required.companies that want to build a major new
installation or modify an existing one to install the best available pollu
tion control devices. -
If the endless devolution of power has a drawback, it is one of ac
countability.
III. That
Слово that может выступать в качестве:
1. указательного местоимения. В этом случае оно всегда стоит перед существительным и на русский язык переводится соответствующими указательными местоимениями: тот, та, этот и т. д.
A joint fiscal decision-making mechanism for the EU will not be called a confederation but it will be a major step in that direction. Общий механизм принятия решений в области налогообложения
для Европейского Союза не будет называться конфедерацией, но он будет серьезным шагом в этом направлении.
2. союза, вводящего придаточные предложения, дополнительные
и предикативные. На русский язык переводится соответствующими
союзами: что, чтобы,...
Voters in the EU are starting to notice that their national governments have less and less to do. Избиратели в ЕС начинают замечать, что у их национальных правительств остается все меньше и меньше функций.
3. союзного слова, вводящего придаточное определительное
предложение. На русский язык переводится соответствующими со
юзными словами: который, которая и т. д.
Some voters, notably in Germany, are growing unhappy with a EU's budget that leaves them paying in much more than they get out. Некоторые избиратели, особенно в Германии, все больше и больше недовольны бюджетом ЕС, в который они должны отдавать больше, чем получать (из него).
4. слова-заместителя, которое употребляется вместо существи
тельного или группы слов, упомянутых раньше (that для единствен
ного числа, those для множественного числа). На русский язык пе
реводится заменяемым существительным или соответствующим
личным или относительным местоимением.
Increasingly, New York's style of policing is being contrasted unfavourably with that of other cities, particularly Boston. Стиль работы полиции в Нью-Йорке все больше сравнивается, и не в пользу Нью-Йорка, со стилем работы полиции в других городах, в частности в Бостоне.
Примечание. Сочетание с наречием now that означает теперь, когда; сочетание not that переводится не то. чтобы.
Проанализируйте и переведите следующие предложения.
-
It is clear that continental voters are no longer content to be run by
those who tolerate fraud, incompetence and nepotism. -
There is now a recognition [in Singapore] that history is best not
100
101
paved over: that it is part of a sense of patriotism and national identity — qualities the government certainly does want to inculcate.
3. Reforms are hard to do at national level, but one virtue of the euro
is that it imposes obligations at a European level which countries can use
as a pressure to force domestic changes.
4. The unprecedented destructive power of modern means of warfare
'demands that the main actions should be directed towards preventing war.
-
One trouble with EU as a whole is that what served a club of six or
nine well enough no longer looks adequate for a club of 15. Let alone one
of 2Q or 25, especially one with so many responsibilities. -
Tuition fees were introduced by the Blair government. The argu
ment is that money is needed to finance the expansion of the higher edu
cation system and that students should contribute to the cost of an educa
tion that will benefit them financially in later life. -
Industry executives said an «Intel» endorsement could have a big
impact on a market that has taken off slowly, because the company helps
define PC specifications and sells about 85 million chips a year. -
The American Medical Association's decision to fire the editor of
its leading scientific journal exploded into a collision between medicine
and US politics that reflects the 152-year-old organization's struggle to
find its role in the rapidly changing health-care system. -
The big surprise isn't that the companies (in China) are doing badly
but that they are admitting it.
-
The European Commission has asked Japan to relax some restric
tions on banking activities that it feels are hindering the growth of foreign
banks' business in Japan, Commission sources said Monday. -
The report estimated that there were more than 4,000 foreign
companies, which do not trade in Britain, that enjoy virtual taxfree status. -
As Prof. T. sees it, there are two related problems that the interna
tional financial community must soon address. -
Last week, the Greek government announced a series of air traffic
control measures that are expected to facilitate Turkish flights over the
Aegean. -
The proposed amendment is a fake. When the political will exists
to balance the budget, it will be balanced. When that will does not exist,
there are innumerable ways to make an unbalanced budget appear bal
anced. -
Childhood is the only,time and place that grows larger as it is left
behind. -
East Asia's current woes are in large part the price of its previous
success — and that success itself has been much misunderstood. This
survey will debunk many old myths about it, including the belief that all these economies are highly flexible and well-governed, and that high investment is always a sign of strength. But the biggest myth of all is that of a single Asian economic model.
-
The saddest thing about the budget fudge is that it brought to an
end a fortnight in which Europe suddenly seemed to be making progress,
ridding itself of a tired commission and agreeing smartly on a heavy
weight reformer, Italy's ex-premier to run the new one. -
« The weakness of the European [film] industry was that it was
based on a core fantasy, which is that there was a group of artists that
could put together a rather expensive product and hope that somewhere
out there it might find an audience.» (David Puttnam). -
These political shenanigans have postponed for another few weeks
voting on a crucial one of those reforms: that of pensions. -
Stressing that the salaries were not as high as those paid «in cer
tain sections of industry», Deputy Leader of the House said that the
Power Minister had referred to the possibility of a review of salaries in
other nationalized industries. -
For the few that have ruled modern Japan the political struggle
that really counted was that carried on among themselves for wealth and
power. -
The depressing economic news out of China has been building for
months, so that when China recently announced a 7.8 per cent annual
GDP growth rate, even its Prime Minister admitted thatthe figure lacked
credibility because of bogus reporting at the local level. -
Britain has been enviably stable. But that is because it has been
governed pragmatically, by politicians prepared to adapt the system in re
sponse to popular pressure — for example in the series of reform acts,
which widened the franchise and ushered in mass democracy. -
Japan's central bank has the power to buy up the country's entire
national debt, if necessary, and pay for it with new currency and bank re
serves. That would be wildly inflationary of course. But it makes the
point that low interest rates do not make a central bank helpless. -
That devolution will allow different political cultures to flourish
was evident even at the formal oath-taking by members of the Scottish
Parliament. -
Iran offered itself as a «safe bridge» between the Caspian and the
Gulf, but oil companies rejected that, preferring to create routes through
Russia and Georgia to the Black Sea. -
Though he gets more credit for radical reform than he deserves,
102
103
that is very much the sort of work that governments want to have done now at the European Commission.
-
The complaint that the French judiciary is under the thumb of
whatever government may be in power is scarcely new. According to le
gal historians, it is a complaint that goes back for centuries — at least to
the time of Louis XIV, whose ministers centralized the legal system, sub
ordinating local and church law to that emanating from the royal court. -
The European Union, now that it has launched its common cur
rency, is due next to forge a common foreign and security policy. -
Now that Mr Gingrich has announced that he will leave the speak-
ership and Congress, Ms Dunn has decided to gamble her own leadership
post. , -
He resigned as Secretary of State last May. It was not that he disa
greed with the President, although that might have been enough. It was
that his judgement on a critical policy matter was rejected.
§ 10. МНОГОЗНАЧНЫЕ И ТРУДНЫЕ ДЛЯ ПЕРЕВОДА СЛОВА
1. Существительные и прилагательные
Известную трудность при переводе представляют многозначные слова. Полисемантизм вообще характерен для английского языка, и нужно все время иметь в виду, что любое казалось бы хорошо знакомое слово в зависимости от контекста может иметь совсем иное значение. Так например:
1. power имеет следующие значения: 1) держава, государство; 2) сила, мощь; 3) власть, могущество; 4) (мн. ч.) полномочия; 5) энергия. В сочетании с предлогом in приобретает адвербиальное значение: \)у власти; 2) в состоянии.
According to the UN Charter the important task of maintaining peace lies mainly with the great powers. В соответствии с Уставом ООН важная задача поддержания мира лежит на великих державах.
They have mastered sufficient sea, air and land power to win back that territory. Они собрали достаточные морские, воздушные и сухопутные силы, чтобы отвоевать эту территорию.
Who sits in a second chamber is secondary to its functions and powers. Вопрос о том, кто входит во вторую палату [Британского
104
парламента] вторичен по отношению к ее функциям и полномочиям.
2.case имеет следующие значения: 1) случай, обстоятельство,
положение, дело; 2) факты, доказательства, доводы (в пользу ко
го-л. или чего-л.); 3) судебное дело;