Ex 4.3. Заполните предложения с “as” или “than”.

1. The British fashion industry isn’t as important __________ the French.

2. Advertisements are more expensive __________ fashion shows.

3. A fashion show generates as much publicity __________ an advertising.

Ex 4.4. Выберите верное слово, выделенное курсивом:

1. The US has a bigger / more big domestic market than France.

2. An off-the-peg dress is more cheaper/cheaper than an haute couture dress.

3. There aren’t as many designers in London than / as in Paris.

4. This year’s designers are prettier / more pretty than last year.

5. John Galliano is one of greatest / the greatest designers in the British fashion industry.

6. I think Stella is most talented / more talented than Susan.

7. Susan is less creative / the least creative of the group.

8. The quality of the clothes in the stores is worse/worst than ever before.

9. The price in France is the same as / than in the UK.

10. The price in the US is lower / the lower than in the UK.

Ex 4.4. Заполните текст прилагательными в сравнительной или превосходной степени:

Giorgio Armani, founder of the Armani Group agrees that the last year has been the (bad) __________ for many years for fashion and luxury goods companies. When the economy is down, people don’t want to spend money. Now, things are slowly getting (good) __________, and customers are becoming (optimistic) __________, but they are (careful) __________ about what they buy than they were before. Quality and value for money are becoming (important) __________ and it is (hard) __________ for companies to sell something just because it has a designer label. People expect luxury goods to last (long) __________ than other goods. Consumers are (interested) __________ in fashion and design than ever before, but they expect to be able to buy the (new) __________ styles for less.

UNIT V. SUCCESS

I. What is success?

Ex 1.1. Что означает для вас успех? Выберите один из вариантов и объясните свой выбор:

- a top job - being good at what you do

- being your own boss - being happy

- earning a lot of money - something else

- being famous

Ex 1.2. Что делает компанию успешной? Заполните предложения словами и фразами:

demand grow control market share profit market leader

1. A successful company has to make a __________.

2. There has to be a ____________ for your products.

3. The most successful companies ____________ the market.

4. Successful companies have a bigger percentage of sales than their competitors. They have a bigger _____________.

5. A company that has the biggest sales or the best selling product in the market is the _____________.

6. Successful companies are always finding new markets and new opportunities to ____________.

Ex 1.3. Прочитайте и переведите текст. Ответьте на вопросы:

What makes a company successful?

To begin with, of course, a successful company has to make a profit. That means that it has to keep costs as low as possible – the cost of manufacturing, for example. Secondly you need to make big sales so there has to be a demand for your products. And of course, you want to be competitive. If your competitor brings out a better product, you can lose customers. The most successful companies control the market. That means they have a bigger percentage of sales and a bigger market share than their competitors. Their product is the market leader. It sells more than any other product in that sector.

Another factor for success is growth. No company wants to stand still. Successful companies are always finding new markets and new opportunities to grow.

Questions:

1. What can companies do to make more profit?

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2. What happens if a competitor brings out a better product?

3. What does the author mean when he says that “no company wants to stand still”?

Ex 1.4. Заполните таблицу:

Глагол	Существительное
1. succeed 2. 3. export 4. 5. profit 6. 7. supply 8.	success failure importer retailer product/ producer / production

II. Business failure

Ex 2.1. Заполните текст пропущенными словами и выражениями, переведите текст:

bankrupt distribute sold cool equipped order set up

Snacks 2U was a small firm that produced fresh snack foods and ¹ __________ them to shops, cafes and bars in the region. To ² __________ snacks, it used trucks which it ³ __________ with refrigerators to keep the food ⁴ __________. The business was a success until one day a new producer ⁵ __________ in the same area. It supplied exciting new snack foods at a lower price. Shops and cafes started to ⁶ __________ products from the new company. Snacks 2U wasn’t able to compete, and six months later it went ⁷ __________.

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III. Setting up a new business

Ex 3.1. Прочитайте и переведите текст о важных шагах открытия бизнеса. Заполните пять шагов открытия бизнеса внизу:

Well the first step, of course, is to develop a new product idea. Many people decide to start a business because they have a good idea.

But you have to remember that about 80 per cent of new business ideas fail. Usually it’s because people don’t understand the market. So the second step is to conduct market research. Your research should answer two key questions. First, is there a demand for your product or service? Second, who are your competitors?

When you know you have a market, the next step is to prepare a good business plan. Your business plan helps you to focus on what to do. It also helps with the fourth step: getting finance.

You have to decide what type of business you want to have, your goals, your product or service and its key selling points. In the plan, you also need to show that you can run the business. So you include information about staff, management, production, marketing and, of course, finance. This shows that you know how to run a business.

But the most important step is the fifth one: to build a customer base. You need a number of regular customers who come back to you year after year. A strong customer base is key to making a success of your business.

Step 1: Develop _______________________________________

Step 2: Conduct _______________________________________

Step 3: Prepare a good _________________________________

Step 4: Get ___________________________________________

Step 5: Build a ________________________________________

Ex 3.2. Ответьте на вопросы к тексту:

1. What percentage of business ideas fail?

2. Why do they fail?

3. What two questions does your market research need to answer?

4. What two things does a business plan help you to do?

5. What does it usually include? Name three things.

6. Which step does the author think is the most important? Why?

IV. ПРОСТОЕ ПРОШЕДШЕЕ ВРЕМЯ (Past Simple)

Ex 4.1. Изучите таблицу:

	Past Simple (yesterday, last week (month, year), in 2008, two years ago subject + V-ed (V2) вспомогательныйглагол – did
+	I (we, you, he, she, it, they) worked (sold).
-	I (we, you, he, she, it, they) did not work_. (did not sell).
?	Did I (we, you, he, she, it, they) work_? (sell) ?

Did not = didn’t
Сопоставьте предлоги с датами:

in on at from…to…

1. 1998 3. April last 5. 9 am

2. 2003 - 2004 4. Monday 6. March

Ex 4.2. Заполните пропуски одним из предложенных слов (a-c) внизу:

Conrad Ascher is an entrepreneur. When he was a boy he decided that he didn’t want a job where he worked ¹ __c__ 9 am ² _____ 5 pm every day. Conrad wanted something more exciting. When he finished college ³ _____ 1999, he worked as an events orginiser ⁴ _____ two years. Then, ⁵ _____ 26 August 2001, he launched his own company to help organizations choose which Sporting events to sponsor. The company made a loss for the first few years, but ⁶ _____ year, it made a good profit. Conrad likes to start work early. He is usually at his desk ⁷ _____ 7 am. He often goes to sporting events ⁸

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_____ the evenings. ⁹ _____ the weekend, Conrad plays rugby and hockey and goes to watch football matches. “I enjoy my free time, but I always enjoy getting back to work ¹⁰ _____ Monday morning.” Conrad says, “Sport is my work and my life; I’m very lucky.”

1. a. to b. at c. from

2. a. two b. to c. too

3. a. in b. on c. at

4. a. since b. during c. for

5. a. at b. on c. in

6. a. then b. the c. last

7. a. in b. at c. on

8. a. at b. on c. in

9. a. At b. In c. To

10. a. in b. on c. at

Ex 4.3. Прочитайте заметки о компании, изготавливающей хрустящий картофель в пакетиках. Напишите предложения, используя Past Simple и даты с соответствующими предлогами:

1996 - David Willis founds Chiltern Snacks.

David Willis founded Chiltern Snacks in 1996.

1. 1996-2001 - He distributes crisps to local retailers by van.

2. August 1^st 2001 - A customer cancels his order because Willis doesn’t sell 50 gram packs.

- Willis thinks about starting up his own brand of crisps.

3. December 2002 - Willis starts production of the fist Salty Dog crisps using 50 gram packs.

4. The first year - Sales grow fast.

5. November 2003 - The first international order arrives.

6. February 14^th 2004 - Willis exports the first packs to Germany.

7. March 2004 - He receives enquiries from the US and China.

Ex 4.4. Прочитайте историю Бена Хоупа. Обозначьте цифрами события из его жизни по порядку:

lost his job □ got a big contract □

graduated from university □ employs 12 people □

started his own business □ joined a design company □

Ben Hope

After graduating, I joined a design company. It was a good job and I enjoyed it. But only two years later, the company went bankrupt and I lost my job. I looked for other jobs, but couldn’t find anything interesting. So what did you do? I decided to start my own business. To begin with, it was very hard work. But after about a year, I got my first big contract: to design the new offices of a local company. The company liked what I did and I got more work. Then economic problems came. It was a difficult time for all businesses in the region. But after a while the economy improved again and my business started to grow. And now I employ 12 people and we work in luxury offices in the city centre.

Ex 4.5. Заполните предложения словами, используя время Past Simple.

accept complain hire place realize study visit

1. Oh, I’m sorry to disturb you. I didn’t realize you had a visitor.

2. ……. you …….. economics when you were at university?

3. She ………… ………… the job because the salary was too low.

4. Last week a number of customers ……….. about slow service.

5. I’m writing with reference to the order I ……….with you last week.

6. ………….you………. the Acropolis when you were in Greece?

7. At last year’s launch party, who …………..you…………to do the catering?

Ex 4.6. A. Заполните таблицу неправильных глаголов. Подставьте эти глаголы в выражения и переведите.

Infinitive	Past Tense	expressions
run do make ………. write ………. pay ………	ran ……. ……. went ……. had ……. sold	... a business, …out of something, …up a bill …a job well, …your best, ….business (with) …a profit, …a mistake, …a complaint …abroad, …out of meal, …bankrupt …a letter, … a report, …out of cheque …lunch, …a meeting, …problems ….by credit card, …cash, …in advance …something at a profit, …at a loss, …out

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B. Заполните предложения выражениями из таблицы, поставив глаголы в Past Simple.

1. He made some calls from his hotel room and ran up a large phone bill. 2. We _____________with that company a few years ago, but then we stopped dealing with them. 3. After losing billions of dollars for years, Amazon.com finally ______________in the last quarter of 2009. 4. He couldn’t find a suitable job in his own country, so he ………………..to look for work. 5. When the consultants had finished their study they …………………..for the directors, giving a list of recommendations. 6. The engineers …………………..with the gearbox, so they made some modifications to it. 7. They didn’t want cash or a cheque, so I ………………………….. 8. The product was very popular. We …………………….on the first day and ordered more stock.
Ex 4.7. Заполните статью глаголами в Past Simple.

want, start, buy, expand, be, begin, give, produce

Timberland ¹__began___ in 1918. It ²__________ as a small shoe company based in Boston, Massachusetts. Nathan Swartz made boots. In 1955, he ³________ The Abingdon Shoe Company. Later his sons worked for the company, too. Together they ⁴__________ some of the world’s first waterproof leather boots.

In 1973, the Timberland name was born. It starts as the brand name of the original waterproof leather boot. The boot ⁵_________ so popular that the company changed its name to The Timberland Company. In the 1980s the company ⁶___________ into international markets. Then the company introduced adult and children’s clothing, women’s footwear, and accessories. In the 1990s, Timberland began a project that ⁷________ Timberland employees paid time off to work on local community projects. The company ⁸__________ to show that it was possible for a company to do well financially and do good in the community.
UNIT 6 FUTURE

1.1. Сопоставьте слова (1-5) с их определениями (a-f):

1. smoother a. ending

2. convenient b. through or by

3. eliminating c. reception

4. via d. not so difficult

5. reminder e. easy

6. lobby f. a message to help you to remember

1.2. Вставьте в тексте пропущенные слова. Переведите текст.

CHANGE IS IN THE AIR

Smart travel: New technologies promise to make air travel smoother for passengers and cut costs for airlines.

Get ready to change the way you ¹__a__. That is the message from Giovanni Bisignani, the head of the International Air Transport Association (IATA). He believes technology could reduce costs for airlines and make travel simpler and smoother for ²__________.

The first part of IATA’s plan is to end the use of paper ³__________ by the end of 2007. Instead passengers would use an electronic ticket. It is much more convenient for passengers, and might result in huge ⁴ _________ for airlines: an e-ticket costs around $1 to issue and process, compared with $10 for a paper ticket. Eliminating paper tickets could save the industry over $2.7 billion a year.

Other changes mean that you could check in for your flight from home via the web, or even while on the move via your mobile phone. The system may even be able to ⁵_________ passengers a text message reminder two hours before the flight. IATA also plan to expand the use of self-service kiosks for passengers to check in. Airlines ⁶__________ that the majority of their passengers will use kiosks for check-in by 2008. The kiosks might not be found only in airports. It could soon be possible , for example, to use a kiosk in a hotel lobby to check out ⁷________ the hotel, and then to check in for your flight. It seems that ⁸__________ could soon make air travel smoother, quicker, more fun and more productive.

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