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LONDON


1. London is one of the most complex cities in the world. To the Londoner it is more a collection of village areas than one large city. To the visitor it is an exciting mixture of sights, sounds and people.

2. London began on two small patches of dry land in the middle of a marsh on the north bank of the Thames. That was long before the Romans came. In Roman times it was named Londinium, and was already a large centre of trade. Alfred the Great took London from the Danes and it gradually

replaced Winchester as the capital. Since then it has grown and grown. Today it covers a greater area than any other city in the world, has about 9 million inhabitants and is the capital of England, of Great Britain.

3. As you approach the centre of London, you see the busy shopping streets and catch a first glimpse of the famous building - Buckingham Palace or the Houses of Parliament -or focal points like Piccadilly Circus and Trafalgar Square. Everywhere there are bright red buses, and black taxis and busy restaurants; it is the most pleasant surprise to see so many parks, trees and gardens in London.

4 .The heart of London is the City, its financial and business centre. Numerous banks, offices and firms are situated there, including the Bank of England, the Bailey. Few people live here, but over a million people come to the City to work. There are some famous ancient buildings within the City. Perhaps the most striking of them is St. Paul's Cathedral; the greatest of English churches. It was built in the 17th century by Sir Christopher Wren. The Tower of London was founded by Julius Caesar and in 1066 rebuilt by William the Conqueror. It was used as a fortress, a royal palace and a prison. Now it is a museum.
(Бонди Е.А., Гаврилюк И.С., Зайцева Г.А., Чеснокова В.И. Английский язык для студентов вечернего отделения гуманитарных факультетов)
Пояснения к тексту:

The Bank of England - Английский банк

The Stock of Exchange - Лондонская фондовая биржа

Тhe Old Bailey - Центральный уголовный суд

Focal points - главные достопримечательности
VII. Прочитайте 4-ый абзац текста и вопрос к нему. Из приведенных вариантов ответа укажите номер предложения, содержащий правильный ответ на поставленный вопрос.
How many people come to the City to work?

1 Few people live here but over a million people come to the City to work.

2. Few people live here but half a million people come to the City to work,

3. Few people live here but over two million people come to the City to work.

ВАРИАНТ 5


I. Перепишите предложения. Определите по грамматическим признакам, какой частью речи являются слова, оформленные окончанием -s, и какую функцию это окончание выполняет, т, е является оно:
а) показателем 3-го лица единственного числа глагола в Present Simple;

б) признаком множественного числа имени существительного;

в) показателем притяжательного падежа имени существительного (см. образец выполнения 1).
Переведите предложения на русский язык.

1. Now New York includes five boroughs: Manhattan, the Bronx, Queens, Brooklyn and Richmond.

2. Manhattan is the smallest of the five city boroughs in size.

3. New York's two biggest airports are both in Queens area.

4. Most of the city's theatres are situated on Broadway.
II. Перепишите следующие предложения и переведите их, обращая внимание на особенности перевода на русский язык определений, выраженных именами существительными, (см. образец 2).
1 Today Manhattan is the centre of business life of the country.

2. The city traffic is very heavy.

3. There are a lot of art galleries and many impressive art museums in New York.
III. Перепишите следующие предложения, содержащие разные формы сравнения, и переведите их на русский язык.
1 New York is one of the largest and most interesting cities in the world.

2 The more you walk about New York the more you are amazed.

3. A greater proportion of New Yorkers live at a lower level than the average for the US.

4. Brooklyn is not so popular with tourists as Manhattan is.
IV. Перепишите и письменно переведите на русский язык следующие предложения, обращая внимание на перевод неопределенных и отрицательных местоимений.
1. Brooklyn has more people than any other part of the city.

2. Among the inhabitants of New York one can meet people of almost all nations.

3. The main New York Public Library, with some 25,000,000 volumes is one of the world's greatest centres of research.

4. In the 19th century Manhattan was mostly swamp; people lived in houses which were nothing more than rows of dark cages: no lighting, running water or windows.
V. Перепишите следующие предложения, определите в них видо-временные формы глаголов и укажите их инфинитив; переведите предложения на русский язык (см. образец выполнения 3).
1. Numerous bridges link Manhattan Island with the opposite shores.

2. Dutch colonists bought Manhattan Island from Indians for 24 dollars and a barrel of rum.

3. Everywhere in New York you will see sky-scrapers.


4. The Statue of Liberty was a present from France in 1876 for the hundredth anniversary of American independence.
VI. Прочитайте и устно переведите весь текст. Перепишите и письменно переведите 1,2, и 4-ый абзацы текста.

NEW YORK


1. New York is the largest metropolis in the United States. Officially it is City of New York, and popularly it is called New York City. It was founded by the Dutch more than three hundred years ago at the mouth of the Hudson River. In 1626 Dutch colonists set up here the first settlement, named New Amsterdam. They bought Manhattan Island from Indians for 24 dollars and a barrel of rum. The Americans say that it was the best business deal ever made in New York. In 1664 the colony was captured by British fleet under Duke of York and renamed New York. In the 18th century New York grew into the largest city of the USA.

2 New York is difficult to describe. You can say anything you like about it and always be right; if you listen to different people talking about it, they can each describe a different town. For some, it's a centre of art, music and theatre; for others, a city of finance and politics.

First of all, New York is the greatest seaport in the USA. More than half the trade of the USA goes through the city. It is also a great financial centre where "money-making" is the main law of life. It is the symbol of big business and its Wall Street has become a nickname for big monopolies all over the world. Economic and financial power of the US is concentrated in the sky-scrapers of Wall Street, in the world's exchange, in the banks, among them the oldest in the city. The Bank of New York was founded in 1784. New York is the leading textile centre of the country and its clothes industry. It has a considerable printing industry and many book-shops. It is also undoubtedly one of the centres of social and spiritual life of America.

3 Now New York includes five boroughs: Manhattan, the Bronx, Queens, Brooklyn and Richmond. The population of New York now is 8million people - 16 million if you include the suburbs and another 4 million come to the city to work here but live elsewhere. Among the inhabitants of York one can meet people of almost all nations. The citizens speak seventy-five different languages. It is even called "Modern Babylon".

4. New York is a city of striking social contrasts. It is a place where most of millionaires live and at the same time a greater proportion of New Yorkers live at a lower level than the average for the US.

5. New York is not just one city, but many cities which crowd together in one place. There are the busiest cities which die each day at five o'clock, neon pleasure cities whose bars and cinemas are full with noisy crowds and sad cities where no trees grow. New York is all of these and more.
(Бонди Е.А., Гаврилюк И.С., Зайцева Г.А., Чеснокова В.И. Английский язык для студентов вечернего отделения гуманитарных факультетов)
Пояснения к тексту:

Stock Exchange - фондовая биржа

borough (амер.) - городской район

elsewhere - (где-нибудь) в другом месте

to die – затихать
VII. Прочитайте 3-ий абзац текста и вопрос к нему. Из приведенных вариантов ответов укажите номер предложения, содержащего правильный ответ на поставленный вопрос.
What is the population of York if you include the suburbs?
1. The population of New York is 8 million people if you include the suburbs.

2. The population of New York is 4 million people if you include the suburbs.

3. The population of New York is 16 million people if you include the suburbs.

Контрольная работа №2.


Для правильного выполнения контрольной работы №2 обучающемуся необходимо усвоить следующие разделы курса английского языка:

1. Видовременные формы глагола: а) активный залог (Active Voice) - формы Simple (Present, Past, Future); формы Continuous (Present, Past, Future); формы – Perfect (Present, Past, Future); 6) страдательный залог (Passive Voice) - формы Simple (Present, Past, Future).

2. Модальные глаголы (Modal Verbs): а) модальные глаголы, выражающие возможность: can (could), may и эквивалент глагола саn – to be able to; 6) модальные глаголы, выражающие долженствование: must, его эквиваленты to have to, to be to, should.

3. Простые неличные формы глагола: Participle I (Present Participle), Participle II (Past Participle) в функциях определения и обстоятельства, Gerund - герундий, простые формы.

4. Определительные и дополнительные придаточные предложения (союзные); придаточные обстоятельственные предложения времени и условия.

5. Интернациональные слова.

Тренировочные упражнения


1) Образуйте Participle I от следующих глаголов.

To work - working

To enter, to make, to say, to speak, to skate, to know, to tell, to write, to ski, to play, to buy, to drink, to stand, to drive.

2) Образуйте Participle II от следующих глаголов.

to use – used, b) to write – written

to look, to fix, to tell, to miss, to sit, to invite, to move, to play, to research.

to give, to do, to write, to see, to watch, to show, to understand, to bring, to buy, to become, to leave, to live, to forbid, to build.

3) Переведите на английский язык.

а) дающий, показывающий, спрашивающий, одевающийся, помогающий, отдыхающий, поющий, смеющийся, слушающий, идущий, бегущий;

б) играющие дети, спящая мама, улыбающаяся девочка;

в) одетый, услышанный, прочитанный, сделанный, найденный, проданный, законченный, отосланный, закрытый, приготовленный;

г) данная задача, обсужденный вопрос, закрытая книга, проданная вещь, забытая песня.

4) Прочитайте и переведите предложения. Укажите форму и функцию причастия в предложении.

1. The number of new dwelling houses built in our town this year is very large. 2. Following John’s look, I saw a slim man of about forty entering the restaurant. 3. The problems being discussed now are very important. 4. She entered the room accompanied by her mother. 5. Having finished his experiments, the scientist published an article about their results. 6. The conference taking place in Novosibirsk is devoted to problems of peace and security. 7. The boy was looking at me smiling. 8. Entering the room he began to take off his hat and coat looking at us with amusement.

5) Раскройте скобки, образуя Participle I или Participle II.

1. The man (to stand) at the window is a well-known actor. 2. Do you know the boys (to play) tennis now? 3. He did not go to the theatre with us (to say) that he was busy. 4.I like to read stories (to write) by this author. 5. This is a letter (to address) to you. 6. The girl (to write) something on the blackboard is my friend. 7. (to go) through the park I met my teacher. 8. (to answer) the questions, John made a mistake. 9. Did you understand the rules (to explain) to us yesterday? 10.They fell asleep immediately (to be tired) by the journey. 11. Mary found the key (to lose) by me yesterday. 12.I have corrected all the mistakes (to make) by me in the last test paper.


6) Переведите на русский язык, обращая внимание на герундий .

1. Living in little stuffy rooms means breathing poisonous air. 2. Avoid making mistakes if you can. 3. I had no hope of getting an answer before the end of the month. 4. She likes sitting in the sun. 5.Thank you for your coming. 6. Taking a cold shower in the morning is very healthy. 7. He talked without stopping. 8. Let’s go boating. 9. Repairing cars is his business. 10. Have you finished writing?

7) Составьте собственные предложения, используя модели.

She is fond of reading.

To skate, to sing, to ski, to play basketball, to play volleyball, to walk in the garden, to sunbathe.
Do you mind my closing the window?

To play the piano, to leave you for a minute, to open the door, to stay here, to take your book for a day or two.

He enjoyed reading this book.

To listen to the concert, to sit in the sun, to watch the performance, to spend the holidays in the country.

He left the room without waiting for a reply.

To take the book, to say good-bye, to say a word.

8) Поставьте глагол в 3-е лицо единственного числа.

We grow roses in the garden. (Mrs Smith) – Mrs Smith grows roses in the garden.

1. They read the poem (She). 2. We work hard every day. (His father) 3. The children study at the university (Her daughter). 4. Our students speak French fluently (This student). 5. I like to play the violin (Peter). 6. We always cook dinner. (Mother) 7. I like traveling (He). 8. We refuse to help him. (Mary) 9. They often invite their cousins (Ann). 10. They want to teach Sociology. (Mike)

9) Исправьте следующие утверждения.

The sun rises in the west. – The sun doesn’t rise in the west.

It rises in the east.

1. The Japanese live in the south. 2. Spring comes after autumn. 3. The Sun goes round the Earth. 4. Dolphins live in forests. 5. Snow melts in winter.

10). Составьте предложения о том, что произошло или не произошло с вами вчера.

I/to quarrel/ with a friend – I quarreled with my friend yesterday.

I didn’t quarrel with my friend yesterday.

1. My friend/to organize a party. 2. My parents/to plan/a holiday. 3. My friend/to phone/in the evening 4. I/to get up/early in the morning 5. It/to be one’s day-off 6. I/to see/a film at the cinema 7. My mother/to make/a delicious dinner 8. I/to have classes/till three. 9. There/to be/an interesting show/on TV 10. My mother/to go shopping/after work.

11) Задайте вопросы к выделенным словам.

He gave me a vase as a present.- What did he give you as a present?

1. Katherine read books with Mark in the library. 2. I often invite my brother to my place. 3. She typed an e-mail to the company in the morning. 4. The weather was awful on Saturday. 5. We walked with our dog yesterday. 6. The child broke the plate last Monday. 7. It took me two hours to get to the gallery last Wednesday. 8. There was a lot of money in the criminal’s bag. 9. Sue rang me up last week. 10. Puskin was born in 1799.

12) Раскройте скобки, употребив глагол в форме Future Simple.

1. The actors are very good. I’m sure the performance …..(to be) a great success. 2. …..(there/to be) any party after the official ceremony ? 3. …..(he/to show) us the sights of the town right now? 4. Don’t worry, he …..(not/to refuse) to lend you the money. 5. I …..(never/to forget) what you did for me. 6. They …..(to celebrate) the second anniversary of their wedding next month.