Файл: Бондарчук К.Я. Классы кораблей и их вооружение (учебное пособие для слушателей 030).pdf

16 inches, depending upon the class of the battleship. The main battery guns are installed in turrets. These turrets are always

countries, and in 1938 some countries had four guns in a tur­ ret. There are, however, some disadvantages in having more than two guns in one turret.

warships. The increased fire power against aircraft given to battleships in World War 11 was enormous.

In all navies a gun of 5-inch calibre constitutes the secon­ dary battery of large ships or the secondary battery of des­ troyers and other small ships. The 3-inch gun is installed on the older battleships and on other ships that cannot carry the more powerful 5-inch gun. The 3-inch gun is semiautomatic and

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T e x t No. 12

THE TORPEDO

The mightiest of warships may be seriously damaged by this underwater weapon, which the smallest of vessels is ca­ pable of launching. Without the torpedothe submarine would have minor significance: even the airplane would not be so

by a small engine, installed inside the torpedo hull. The war­ head of the torpedo contains a large explosive charge of TNT which bursts when the torpedo strikes an enemy ship or passes close to her.

The range and speed of modern torpedoes are kept secret by most navies, but it is safe to say that several types have

other explosive.

Atomic warheads may also be employed.’

would— вспомогательный глагол сослагательного наклонения: would have — переводится как «имел бы»;

would be — «был бы».

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T e x t No. 13

THE MINE IS A WEAPON OF LIMITED WAR

A mine is a weapon which possesses unique characteristics. It is cheap,-it can be planted by almost any type of ships, it has great psychological effect, and if it does not sink a ship, it does not permit the enemy to use the water area.

The most modern mines which the Americans are producing, cost 20.000 dollars. Who knows what kind of uses mines will find in future?

Airplanes which can carry bombs must be able to carry mi­ nes. Some of them can. Submarines can also lay mines, as well as the naval patrol aircraft. These are the primary laying for­ ces today, and they can do it perfectly.

Portable tracks for moored mines are available for a few small ships.

Bottom mines which are designed for aircraft planting can be carried by any surface ship and rolled over the side ma­ nually.

However, it is difficult to foresee all the possible situations. Nevertheless, it is clear that the mine can sink ships, surprise enemy forces and blockade harbours. More important, it can do things which no other weapon can do. All this makes the mine most suited as a weapon of limited war.

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T e x t No. 14

PEPTH CHARGES

The short range depth charge represents the depth charge in its simplest form. It consists of a steel cylinder loaded with

purposes. The standard weight of charge is 300 lbs, but it is possible to provide for any desired weight.

The short range depth charge is normally carried on chutes, arranged usually on the quarters of vessels, or on rails which terminate over the stern. It can also be discharged to distances of about 40 or 80 yards by means of the depth charge thrower. The minimum number of throwers fitted to a vessel is one on every side, but vessels whose primary purpose is chasing sub­ marines must have more.

The introduction of the long range depth charge marks an

howitzer or bomb thrower to ranges up to 550 yards. The limit of the range is decided technically by the type of the gun and the weight of the depth charge.

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T e x t No. 15

DESCRIPTION OF MISSILES

Tartar. Smallest of the surface-to-air missiles, Tartar isdesigned for destroyer type ships. It is effective against lowand high-altitude targets. It is powered by a dual thrust, solid propellant rocket motor. Its range is more than10 miles.

Weapon Alfa (former Weapon Albe). Alfa is a surface-to- underwater rocket fired from a launcher resembling a conven­ tional gun turret. The turret can be trained in an almost com­ plete circle and is aimed by a special fire control system.

Terrier. This supersonic surface-to-air solid fuel missile.can fly higher than antiaircraft fire to a range of 20 miles. It is

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К О Н Т Р О Л Ь Н О Е З А Д А Н И Е № 1

(вариант 1)

I. Сделайте письменный перевод текста:

Pacific Fleet Gets Asroc

Surface ASW units of the Pacific Fleet are now being equipped with antisubmarine rocket Asroc. The weapon is dei

a missile launcher and a missile. This is how it works: a sub­ marine is detected aboard ship by sonar equipment. The fire control computer charts the course, speed and range of the

ASW ship. On being launched, it follows a ballistic trajectory.

used as a torpedo, a parachute slows its plunge into the water. In the water the torpedo begins a homing search-for the sub.

III. Сделайте следующие упражнения:

Упражнение 1. Переведите следующие предложения на русский язык. Определите функции инфинитива.

1. The primary functions of the Navy are to organize, train and equip the Navy and Marine forces "for the conduct of com­ bat operations.

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. 2. Its specific functions to seek out and destroy enemy for­ ces' are also very important. ,

3.To conduct air operations the Navy must have aircraft equipped with the latest equipment and armed with the newest weapons.

4.The Navy must also have amphibious ships to conduct land operations.

Упражнение 2, Переведите следующие предложения на русский язык. Выделите субъектный инфинитивный оборот (сложное подлежащее).

1.Aircraft carriers are said to have many advantages and some disadvantages.

2.Acoustic-homing torpedo is known to be a submersible guided missile which can seek out a target at a great depth.

3.The new ship was reported to be armed with Polaris.

4.The new weapon proved to be very effective.

5.This vessel is expected to have a speed of 45 knots.

Упражнение 3. Переведите следующие предложения на русский язык. Определите функции герундия.

1. This torpedo is fired by being tossed overboard.

2. These frigates are capable of developing speeds over

30knots.

3.The torpedo passed the target without exploding.

4.On striking the ship the depth charge exploded.

5.Conducting land operations is the function of amphibious

ships.

Упражнение 4. Переведите следующие предложения на русский язык. Выделите сложные прилагательные и опреде­ лительные комплексы.

1.These ships will be armed with British close-range antiaircraft missile Seacat.

2.The vessel is armed with the Terrier surface-to-air mis­

siles.

3.This will be the third new construction submarine tender.

4.Their ASW equipment will consist of long-range sonar and guided and rocket-assisted torpedoes.

5. Tartar is powered by a dual thrust, solid propellant rocket motor.

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К О Н Т Р О Л Ь Н О Е З А Д А Н И Е № 1

(вариант 2)

I. Сделайте письменный перевод следующего текста:

Commander of Antisubmarine Warfare Force of the

US Pacific Fleet

Established in March 1960 COMASWFORPAC * directs the operations of Fleet surface ships, submarines and aircraft. The job is to detect and track all unfriendly subs in Pacific waters and, if it is necessary, be prepared to fight them.

The'Force works closely with other Pacific Fleet commands.' Its operations require offensive and defensive capabilities.

Modern ASW team tactics are «tridimensional», requiring planes, surface ships and subs, and men who can operate them expertly. So, hunter-killer forces include 100 ships, 500 planes, 40 submarines, 20 shore establishments and 100.000 officers

and men.

Major units of ASW Рас. are the antisub support carriers USS Yorktown, Hornet, Kearsarge and Bennington and air squadrons composed of planes and helicopters, plus long-range antisub patrol squadrons, some land planes and a few sea pla­ nes. Destroyers do hunter-killer work with the carriers and

aircraft.

From time to time, depending on operational requirements,

* Командующий соединением ПЛО американского флота на Тихом океане.

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