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Task 2. Read the Text B again if necessary and find the words which have a similar meaning to the following.
1. as time goes by (paragraph 1)
2. do business (paragraph 1)
3. interact with each other (paragraph 3)
4. be extended (paragraph 4)
5. a basic part (paragraph 4)
6. show responsibility (paragraph 5)
Task 3. Complete the sentences (1-7) with words and phrases in the box.
| over the years overhelmed efficiency business communicationsubordinatecommunicateexternal parties |
1. …………, technology has revolutionized our world and daily lives.
2. In many workplaces, employees are ………… with the number of messages they receive in a single day.
3. To improve ………, companies need a transparent view of their functional teams and the ability to measure how these teams are performing against key functional metrics.
4. Effective ………….. is essential for the success and growth of every organization.
5. Internal upward business communication is the communication that comes from a ……………….. to a manager or an individual up the organizational hierarchy.
6. Social media tools like Facebook can be used effectively within organizations to ………………….. between employees, departments, divisions and locations.
7. External business communication is any communication that happens with ……………….. such as customers, prospects, vendors or partners.
Task 4. Form nouns, verbs and adjectives from the following words.
| Noun | Verb | Adjective |
| 1. explosion | | |
| 2. failure | | |
| | 3. acknowledge | |
| | | 4. complicated |
| 1. perspective | | |
LISTENING
Task 1. Watch the video “How to communicate effectively in business” and then discuss the following questions with other students.
(https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=8Jh_EExJJ68&ab_channel=LinkedInLearning)
1. What is the role of a project manager in communication management?
2. What is communication?
3. What is the role of good communication in business?
4. What are the ways to communicate effectively in business?
Task 2. Watch the video again if necessary and make a map of effective communication in business. Discuss your map with other students.
SPEAKING
Work in pairs. Discuss the following questions with your partner.
1. Give some examples of technology that have made the world worse.
2. What is your favorite piece of technology you own?
3. What do you think is the most important thing that humans have created?
4. Talk about how technology has changed in your lifetime.
5. Are there any new gadgets that you really want to get?
USEFUL LANGUAGE
Making suggestions
- Let’s revise…
- What would you say to …?
- Don’t you think it is a good idea to …?
- Does it matter if we …?
- Would you like to …?
- I suggest you/we take…into consideration…
- We might as well…
- Well, if you want my opinion…
- I would recommend …………….
GRAMMAR REVIEW: RELATIVE CLAUSES
Relative clauses are used to say which person or thing we are talking about, or give extra information. Relative pronouns (who, whose, which, that, where, when) are used to introduce relative clauses.
| Who is used for a person. Who is followed by a verb. | A project manager who is responsible for this project work is not in his office now. (A defining relative clause identifies the noun to which the relative pronoun refers. It explains ‘which person …….or thing’. Defining clauses are not separated from the rest of the sentence with commas) A partner, who lives in France, is coming to visit our company this week. (A non-defining relative clause gives extra information about a noun that has already been identified. A non-relative clause is separated from the rest of the sentence with commas) |
| Whose is used in relative clauses instead of his/hers/its/theirs.Whose is followed by a noun. | He is the project manager whose work was accepted. (a defining relative clause) Peter, whose work was the best, has just been resigned from his job. (A non-defining relative clause) |
| Which is used in relative clauses to talk about a thing. | The project work which is given to a new manager is challenging. (A defining relative clause) Mr Jones, who I was working for, was very generous about overtime payments. (A non-defining relative clause) |
| That is used instead of which, and instead of who in an informal style. | He's the project manager that I met at the conference. (A defining relative clause) |
| Where and when are used in relative clauses to talk about a place or time. | I’ll never forget the day when I first met my boss. (A defining relative clause) Do you know the company where he works? (A defining relative clause) London, where I lived 20 years ago, has now got a different skyline. (A non-defining relative clause) |
Note:
We can use that instead of who, whom or which in defining relative clauses, but not in non-defining relative clauses.
Task 1. Choose the correct relative pronoun (who, which, when, where, whose).
1. This is the man ……………..founded the company.
2. The house ……………..windows are open is beautiful.
3. The writer ……………..wrote that article won the Nobel Prize.
4. This is the station …………. John met his partner.
5. He bought a car ……………… runs fast.
6. He was wearing a cap ………… was black.
7. He went to a meeting ………….. purpose he didn’t understand.
8. The girl …………..mother writes poems speaks English.
9. Edinburg is the town ………. Alexander Graham Bell was born.
10. The day ……… I arrived to London to the meeting was very nice.
11. The books …………………. are on the table have been read.
12. A hotel is a place ……….. people stay when they are on holiday.
Task 2. Make each pair of sentences into one sentence using relative pronouns who, which, whose, where.
1. A detective is someone. He discovers the truth about crimes.
2. I admire people. They speak many languages.
3. My home is a place. I can come home and relax after work.
4. Sam knows a man. His brother works for this company.
5. I visited my aunt. She lives in London.
6. I can hear the noise. It comes from the garage.
7. I met some people. Their houses were badly damaged.
Task 3. Choose which of the following relative clauses defining or non-defining relative clauses.
1. My friend, whose work takes him all over the world, is in New York at the moment.
2. Peter, who has worked in Brussels and London ever since leaving Edinburgh, will be working for our company.
3. My grandfather, who is 87, goes swimming every day.
4. He is the man who wanted to apply for a job.
5. The painting, which was finished in 1850, is one of the most representative works of that time.
6. This is a project manager who takes his responsibilities seriously.
7. This is the business which I wanted to conduct.
8. I like the book which I bought yesterday.
Task 4. Change who/which to that, if possible.
1. This is Peter Taylor, who works as a HR manager for the company.
2. Managers who create many problems annoy me.
3. This is the man who helped us.
4. I’ve borrowed some amount of money from Sally, who used to live next door.
5. Marie Curie is the woman who discovered radium.
6. I bought the coat which Susan wanted.
7. She took twelve aspirins, which is six times the normal dose.
8. It is the dress which her husband bought her for her birthday.
9. The customer who called me was upset.
WRITING
A summary is a short explanation of the main ideas in a text. In order to write a good summary, it is important to read a text carefully. Writing a good summary will illustrate your level of comprehension of a text.
Read the following information how to write a summary:
| It is important to do | Do not do |
| - In writing your summary, you need to clearly state the name of the author and the name of the article, essay, book, or other source. - State the main ideas of the article. -Identify the most important details and facts that support the main ideas. - Write your summary in your own words. - Your summary should be about one third of the length of the original article. - Use reporting verbs (see list below) to show that these are the author's ideas, not yours. |
|
1 ... 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 ... 17
Reporting Verbs
When writing a summary, it is very important to make it clear that you are describing the ideas in the text, not your own ideas. The use of reporting verbs show that you are reporting on someone else's (the author's) ideas. The reporting verb is used generally in present tense.
The following are some of the list of author tags used in summary writing:
| Says | Explains | Comments |
| Persuades | Suggests | Understands |
| Argues | Reminds | Helps us understand |
| Elucidates | Presents | Intimates |
| Concludes | Presents the idea | Creates the impression |
| Criticizes | Defines | Highlights |
| Concedes | Shows | States |
| Thinks | Admits | Lists |
| Notes | Analyzes | Disagrees |
| Observes | Points out | Emphasizes |
| Discusses | Identifies | Implies |
| Insists | Responds | Shows |
| Proves | Rejects | Suggests |
The template for the summary:
| Introduction Start with a summary or overview of the article which includes the author’s name and the title of the article. | In the article, ____________(author's last name) (year) argues (claims/reports/contends/maintains/states) that ______________________(main idea/argument). In his article, _____________ (author’s last name) (year) describes how ___________________and claims that _______________________________. According to ___________________ (author's last name) (year), _____________ (main idea). |
| Body Paragraphs For a one-paragraph summary, discuss each supporting point in a separate sentence. Give 1-2 explanations for each supporting point. For a multi-paragraph summary, discuss each supporting point in a separate paragraph. • Start each body paragraph with a topic sentence. • Each paragraph focuses on a separate main idea and just the most important details from the article. •Use transitional words and phrases to connect ideas. | First, the reading claims that ________. It shows how _________________. The author disagrees/agrees with this argument by explaining that ________. Second, the reading argues that _______________. The author opposes this idea. He believes that ___. Third, the reading states that ________________. The writer refutes this idea. He argues that ______. The author supports this view by pointing out ………………….. For example: therefore, thus, for example, in fact, to summarize, finally, thirdly, so, furthermore in addition, as a result etc. |
| Concluding Paragraph Summarize the main idea and the underlining of the article. | In conclusion, the reading describes how _______. The author opposes these arguments and suggests _ _________________ |
Task 1. Read each passage of the article and write the main idea in your own words in the line below. Do not copy the exact sentence.
COMMUNICATION – IT’S MUCH EAZIER SAID THAN DONE
by Clare Gascoigne
Paragraph 1.
Getting staff to talk to each other ought to be the least of your problems, but internal communication can be one of the hardest nuts to crack in business. 'Communication comes up in every department. Poor communication can be a purely practical problem. Gearbulk, a global shipping business with branches around the world, faced language and geographical difficulties, as well as a huge amount of paperwork. With up to 60 documents per cargo, it was a logistical nightmare to track and monitor jobs, while tighter «security regulations after 9/11 meant customs documents had to be ready before a ship was allowed to sail.
Main idea: ________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________
Paragraph 2.
Installing an automated system means data is now entered only once but can be accessed by anyone in the company, wherever they are. 'Reporting is faster by a matter of months,' says Ramon Ferrer, Vice President of Global IT at Gearbulk. 'An operational team carrying a voyage all the way across the world doesn't always have to be talking to each other -and we don't waste time duplicating the same information.'
Main idea: _______________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________
Paragraph 3.
Given today's variety of communication tools, it seems strange that we still have a problem communicating. But the brave new world of high-tech can create barriers - senior managers hide behind their computers, staff use voice mail to screen calls, and. employees sitting next to each other will send e-mails rather than speak.
Main idea: _______________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________
Paragraph 4.
'Managers should get up, walk round the office and talk to people,' says Matt Rogan, Head of Marketing at Lane4, a leadership and communications consultancy. 'Face-to-face communication can't be beaten.' «Theobold recommends checking e-mail only three times a day, allocating a set period of time to deal with it. 'If you leave the sound on, the temptation is as great as a ringing phone. People will interrupt meetings to check their e-mails.'
Main idea: _______________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________
Paragraph 5.
Information overload also means people stop listening. But there may be a deeper reason why a message fails to get through, according to Alex Haslam, Professor of 'Psychology at Exeter University. 'Everyone thinks a failure to communicate is just an individual's error of judgment, but it's not about the person: it's about the group and the group dynamics,' he says. 'Just training people to be good communicators isn't the issue.' The problem is that employees develop common loyalties that are far stronger than the need to share information. This can even extend to questions of safety.
Main idea: _______________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________
Paragraph 6.
A company is particularly at risk when cost-cutting is in the air. Individuals withdraw into departmental loyalties out of fear. Sending such people on yet another 'how to communicate' course will be pointless. Instead, Haslam believes that identifying the sub-groups within an organization and making sure each group feels valued and respected can do far more to encourage the sharing of information. The key to communication, he says, is trust.
Overall idea of the entire article: _______________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________
(Adapted from “Financial Times”)
Task 2. Read the article again if necessary and write the most important facts of each paragraph that support the main ideas.
Paragraph 1.
The main idea: Fact 1._________________________________________
Fact 2. _______________________________________
Paragraph 2.
The main idea: Fact 1._________________________________________
Fact 2. _______________________________________
Paragraph 3.
The main idea: Fact 1._________________________________________
Fact 2. _______________________________________
Paragraph 4.
The main idea: Fact 1._________________________________________
Fact 2. _______________________________________
Paragraph 5.
The main idea: Fact 1._________________________________________
Fact 2. _______________________________________
Task 3. Pick out the key words/ terms or phrases from the article in Task 1 that would help you to write a summary. _________________________________________________
Task 4. Read the article “COMMUNICATION – IT’S MUCH EAZIER SAID THAN DONE” by Clare Gascoigne again if necessary and write a summary. Follow the instruction given above.
CASE STUDY 5:
Task 1. Complete the table with the correct words below.
| Oral communication method | Written communication method |
| | |
Words: meeting, reports, workshops, letters, telephone call, messages, presentation, minutes, tele/video conferences, surveys, texts/twitters, blogswebcast.
Task 2. Work in groups of 3-4 students.
You are the Project Manager of NBM. Organize a decision-making meeting to discuss the problems.
Take into consideration the following:
a) Review the project schedule so the team can understand the impact of delays or opportunities presented by completing work ahead of schedule.
b) Discuss how much work is completed with an emphasis on significant project milestones.
c) Discuss that your team is spread across multiple offices and locations. This may be needed to employ other new managers.
d) Share the key facts that you know about the project such as due date and budget.
Task 3. Write an email to a HR Manager of the company who was unable to attend the management meeting.
You are the Project Manager of NBM. In the e-mail, summarize the discussion and decisions of the meeting and ask the HR Manager for his/her comments on hiring new managers on the project.
UNIT 6
INTERNATIONAL BUSINESS MANAGEMENT
LEAD-IN
Task 1. Discuss the following questions.
-
What is globalization? -
What are the impacts of globalization on international business? -
What are effective techniques of management to global businesses?
READING
Task 1. Choose the best definition (a-c).
Globalization is ……………………………………………………….
a) the process by which businesses or other organizations develop international influence or start operating on an international scale.
b) an organization or enterprising entity engaged in commercial, industrial, or professional activities.
c) a large company or group of companies authorized to act as a single entity and recognized as such in law.
Text A.
Task 2. Read the text bellow and then discuss the following questions.
1. What is global marketing?
2. How does global environment affect international business?
3. What is the role of culture in international business?
INTERNATIONAL BUSINESS IN CHANGING GLOBAL ENVIRONMENT