Файл: Английский Косова.doc

Lesson 7-9.

*Task I Group the word-combinations according to the point of: a) advantages of computers

b) disadvantages of computers. Make up sentences.

Revolution in science, to reduce people’s communication, great volume calculation, high speed, to cause eye diseases, to get all information, games and net dependence, space exploration, to limit physical activities, to reduce mental activities, to enhance progress

*Task II Translate the word combinations into Ukrainian:

1 electric impulses 7 errors correction

2 computing equipment 8 computer memory

3 computer application 9 the reason of

4 automatic piloting 10 analog computer

5 high-speed computations 11 to yield data

6 word processing 12 storage device

**Task III Give the equivalents of the following word combinations:

Галузь науки автоматичний контроль

Можна вирішити вимагати

Виняткова можливість об’єм обчислень

Цифровий складні проблеми

Обчислення електроімпульсів послідовність імпульсів

Додавання та віднімання множення та ділення

Давати результати космічні механізми

Надавати підтримку високошвидкісні обчислення

**Task Read the text about computers.

HORRIFUING COMPUTER MISTAKES THAT CAUSE TROUBLES

The modern computer can do many of kinds of jobs. These include tasks in the commercial, scientific, industrial, communication, statistical, logical, and translation areas. There are two kinds of computers, scientific and commercial, which can do these tasks.

The scientific computer most efficiently attacks problems in which calculations predominate.

The commercial computer is most effective in doing the routine clerical problems of the business and commercial world. Both types will come under our scrutiny.

There were two interesting news items in the paper some time ago. One was about a man who received a bill from the telephone company for 999.999.00 dollars - for three months!

The other was about a man who received 2.000 dollars a month — for doing nothing.

The connection between the two news items is simple: computers — the worst invention of the twentieth century. The telephone bill came from a computer which made a horrifying mistake: the man's real bill was only 21.36 dollars. The other item was not so amusing. A man walked into the unguarded computer room of large packaged food company and expertly programmed the computer to pay him 2.000 dollars a month for raw meat which he "supplied" to the company. Of course he never delivered the meat, but he certainly received the money. The computer wrote out a cheque, and, even "signed" it. It was only a random check that uncovered the trick. It could be happening in thousands of other companies all over the world.

Computers are not the miracle-workers that some people say they are. They make mistakes, they're often slower than humans, and they're easily fooled. The US army used to conscript people with the help of a computer. The army sent out a card, which had to be filled in and sent back. It was easy to avoid being called up. Simply by spreading candle-wax on the card. The computer couldn't read the card, and did nothing with it.

**I. Answer the following questions:

1. In what areas can computers do many jobs?

2. What are the two main types of computers?

3. What problems do the scientific computers attack?

4. What are spheres the commercial computer most effective in?

5. Why must both computers come under our scrutiny?

6. What do you think of the computer tricks described in the text?

7. Can you give examples of mistakes made by computers?

8. Do you know the cases when computers were fooled by the people?

9. Do you agree that computers are the worst invention of the twentieth century? Give your reasons.

***II. Read the text and define its main idea. Try to define its structure (the main idea, arguments and collusions).

**III. Fill in the gaps with the correct linking words from the list below

To sum up furthermore moreover secondly finally however

Computers are a major technological breakthrough of the twentieth century. Their benefits are numerous yet much can be said against them. Clive games, an Australian critic, once said that “It is only when they go wrong that machines remind you now powerful they are.”

The main disadvantage of computers is that staring at a screen for long periods of time can be damaging to the eyes, and sitting on a chair for hours at a time is certainly not healthy.

1._____ computers distract from social interactions suck as conversation. Also, people can be inclined to become anti-social and stay at home to use their computers. 2._____ the most persuasive argument against the use of computers is that the more jobs which are done by computers, the less are done by people. 3._____ the advantages of computers are numerous, such as the undeniable educational benefits, especially to children. School subjects become more interesting when presented on a computer screen. 4._____ computers can be fun with a seemingly endless variety of games, which can be played on them. In addition, computers are valuable to any business, making life easier and saving time by being capable of storing and retrieving vast amounts of information at the touch of a button. 5._____ personal gains can be seen as the use of computers increases powers of concentration. 6._____ there are strong arguments both for and against the use of computers. Yet despite the health problems risk to jobs and lack of personal interaction, it seems that as long as the use of computers is regulated, the benefits computers provide to education and business are invaluable.

IV. Browsing the Internet, you've come across the essay, which expresses the following viewpoint on the problem of computers role in today's life. Does it sounds convincing? What are the strong and weak points of it? The author asks you to share your opinion and ideas on this problem. Send your essay to his site.

The essay:

There is no doubt that computers have made my and my friends' lives easier. Business can also benefit from using computers too.

It's easy for students to learn computers because things seem more exciting and interesting when you see them on a screen rather than in a book. There are also lots of games you can play too and you can become so interested in them that you don't want to do your homework. You can also become unfriendly because you don't want to go out. You only want to stay in your room and play with your computer. My mum says "It's not healthy to be sitting down all day."

Most workplaces have computers nowadays and it does make jobs faster and easier and they're supposed to help you with your concentration but many computers can do the same job a person can and quicker which might mean that he loses his job. This happens to many people.

Finally, I think computers are good because they help people a lot and statistics say that this is true.

V. Some people state that the technological revolution brought more harm to the Universe than use. The others insist that without the scientific progress there wouldn't be such a high development in different spheres of life (e.g. Science, Medicine, Teaching, Communication, Entertainment etc).

Make your own choice supporting one of the points. Give your arguments and examples from the material studied and your own knowledge and make conclusions summing up everything said.

Task VI. Put the Infinitives in brackets in Indefinite, Continuous or Perfect Tenses in the Active Voice. Translate the sentences into Ukrainian:

1. A computer (to store) information which it (to receive). 2. When I (to come) into the room my friend (to compile) a program. 3. When you (to come) to the laboratory I (to show) you how to calculate by using a computer. 4. You (to solve) this algebraic problem and I (to compare) my results with yours. 5. When a computer (to do) reasonable operations it (to compute) or (to calculate). 6. The electronic computer just (to perform) its calculations. 7. They (to do) many operations on the computer. 8. When you come back he (to perform) computing operations. 9. Owing to the computer we (to process) a great deal of information. 10. They (to write) a program for the computer by the end of the month. 11. I (to compile) a program for two hours when the lecturer came into the laboratory. 12. This equation seems to have no solution. We (to perform) calculations for an hour. 13. She (to discuss) some questions with her instructor now.

14. Before the design (to be) ready they (to work) on it for 3 hours.

**Task VII Practice the use of Active Voice Tenses.

Variant one

1. Where is your luggage? — I (to leave) it at the station. I (to take) it tomorrow when Nick (to come) to help me. 2.1 (to read) about an hour when he (to come). 3. The play (not yet to begin) and the people (to talk) in the hall. 4. Yesterday I (to buy) a new pair of gloves, as I (to lose) the old ones. 5. We (to walk) in silence. He already (to tell) me all that (to. be) interesting about himself, and I (to have) nothing to tell him. 6. The moon (not to rise) yet, and only two stars, like two distant lighthous­es, (to shine) in the dark blue sky. 7. What you (to do) these three months? 8 Our train starts late in the evening, so if you (to come) at seven o'clock, we still (to pack) our luggage. 9 When you (to see) him last? 10. I (to meet) him when he (to walk) across the park.

11. You ever (to act) on the stage? — Why, yes, that's what I (to do) for the last six years.

12. Don't enter the bedroom! The child (to sleep) there, and he always (to wake) up when somebody (to open) the door.

Variant two.

1.What you (to do) when I (to come) in? 2. When (to come) to his house, they (to tell) me that he (to leave) an hour before. 3. On checking up his answers he (to find) out that he (to make) several mistakes. 4. When I (to leave) home, the snow al­ready (to stop), but a strong wind (to blow). 5. You (to read) this book? — Yes, I (to read) it. I (to think) it (to be) very interesting. 6. What the chil­dren (to do) now? — Oh, they (to play) the new table game which I (to buy) for them the day be­fore yesterday. 7. They (to reach) the corner of the street by now and (to stand) at the bus stop.8. After we (to walk) about two hours, we arrived at a picturesque glade covered with fresh grass.9. We could not go out because it (to rain) hard since early morning. 10. She (to teach) at our school for twenty years now. 11. Ring me up as soon as you (to come) home. 12. He (to begin) to write his composition at three o'clock. It is already eleven, and he still (to write) it. He says he (to finish) it by twelve. 13. We (to help) our librarian to put the books in the right order for already three days, but we (to arrange) only half the books.

***Task V. Divide into groups: those who stand for advantages of computers an those for disadvantages. Give your reasons.

Unit II.

The Main Functions of Computer. The Use of Grammar Tenses.

Lesson 10-11.

Understanding the Computer.

Participle I. Participle II.

*Task I Learn the new vocabulary

to process – обробляти, data – дані, to handle information - керувати інформацією, ассоunting - облік, error помилка, to eliminate – ліквідувати, to arrange – упорядковувати, to store – зберігати, circuit – схема, to recall – відзивати, to enable - надавати можливість, to erase – стерти.

*Task II. Give the translation to the following word-combinations:

The pieces of information, a general term, to refer to anything, a list of top records, to come from Latin, to treat as, to sort and rearrange information, data processing, set up to handle information, to keep records, to take care of accounting, millions of dollars worth computer equipment, to store information, computers memory, electronic circuits, to recall and erase data, to enable the computer to use

**Task II Read and translate the text

Understanding the Computer

The pieces of information that a computer processes -numbers, words, facts – are called data. Data is a general term that may refer to anything from sports statistics (numbers) to a list of the top records (words) for the last five years.

Data is actually the plural form of the word datum. Datum comes from Latin and originally meant "something given." However, you'll rarely hear anyone refer to "one datum." In fact, the word data has become so much more common that it's now treated as either singular or plural, as in: "Medical data is/are kept in the patient's file."

When computers sort, add, rearrange, or otherwise manipulate information that's called data processing. Many large businesses have a special data-processing department set up to handle information, keep records and take care of accounting. Such a department may contain millions of dollars' worth of computer equipment.

Storing data. You read a moment ago that one of the features that makes computers unique is that they can store information. Computers have memory. Their memory is electronic. They store data in electronic circuits. The data stored in a computer's memory can be recalled, erased or changed.

A microprocessor "brain" and electronic memory are the two most impor­tant parts of a computer. Working together, they enable the computer to use the data that it receives. If the computer couldn't remember numbers and letters, it wouldn't be able to process, them, just as you couldn't form; words if you couldn't remember the letters of the alphabet.

**Task III Answer the question

1 What is called data?

2 What does term data refer to?

3 What is called data-processing?

4 In what way can the computer store information?

5 Where is data stored?

6 What are the two most important parts of computer?

**Task IV Give the Ukrainian equivalents of the following:

Обробляти дані, обробка даних,пере упорядковувати дані, керувати інформацією, тримати записи, проводити обрахунки, комп’ютерне обладнання, зберігати інформацію, електронна схема, відзивати та стирати дані, електронна пам'ять, видаляти дані, надавати можливість користуватися даними.

*Task IV. The use of Participle I, Participle II